| With the development of the city economy, people need more comfortable environment so that citizens can enjoy the scenery of nature now and then in daily traveling. Meeting the needs of the citizens, urban riverside-waterfront greenways, whose value lies not only limited to green sight added to the city, the improved living environment, and convenience for citizens on "green" and healthy travel, but also improves the inland waterway and water quality. In recent years, many cities are paying more attention to the effects of the green road in the city and intensifying the construction of greenways, Fuzhou is no exception. Located in the downstream of Min River and rich in inland river, Fuzhou has undergone every large-scale expansion previously since Han dynasty, which formed the inland river system today. There are about 107 inland rivers in Fuzhou, mainly including Baima River, Iinan River, and Guangming Port. Based on the three inland rivers and Min River, the five waterfront greenways in Fuzhou come into planning and construction, namely South Riverside Greenway, North Riverside Greenway, Baima River Greenway, Iinan River Greenway, and Xindian River Greenway. By adopting the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the method of combining the questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation, the paper aimed at the status analysis of phytocoenosium and environment assessment of the main five riverside-waterfront greenways in Fuzhou, providing reference for the construction of other inland-river greenway plant landscape in Fuzhou.In this paper, comprehensive mining point survey was carried out on the the main five riverside-waterfront greenways in central area to obtain the structure characteristics of phytocoenosium in Fuzhou urban riverside-waterfront greenways, by selecting the research index of abundance, frequency, and variety of species. The paper mainly included the statistics of main plant species used in riverside-waterfront greenways in Fuzhou and summary of the heavily used trees, shrubs, and cover, and the proportion of evergreen, deciduous, and ornamental trees, as well as the constructional characteristics of each greenway.Understanding he structure characteristics of phytocoenosium, the beauty value evaluation was carried out in the places of fitness, leisure and entertainment where Fuzhou citizens often visit, and places of sightseeing in Fuzhou. By using field investigation and questionnaire survey method, the characteristics of phytocoenosium selected from the 26 sample areas were analyzed. In this paper, scenic beauty estimation (SBE) was used to evaluate the 26 landscape areas and obtain SBEs; semantic differential (SD) method was used to quantitatively analyze the riverside-waterfront greenways; SPSS software was used to do correlation analysis on SBEs and plant landscape factor to find out key affecting factors of SBE of urban riverside-waterfront greenways and analyze different factors effects on them.Based on the comprehensive understanding of the evaluation on structure characteristics of phytocoenosium and SBEs of the five greenways, further ecological environment test was carried out on the places of fitness, leisure and entertainment where Fuzhou citizens often visit. By using field investigation and questionnaire survey method, ten sample areas of phytocoenosium and five urban control points was selected from the five greenways to do the measurement and temperature and humidity, UVB, PM2.5, and environment noise were selected as evaluation indicators. Contrastive analysis was carried out on structure characteristics of phytocoenosium among the ten sample areas, and test data between sample areas and open space. Conclusion was made about the better places for entertainment and improving suggestions provided for the construction of phytocoenosium in places of entertainment citizens often visit. The study showed that,(1) 170 kinds of plant were used for the urban riverside-waterfront greenways, belonging to 93 families and 93 genera. Among those, there were about 48 kinds of evergreen arbors,26 deciduous arbors,35 evergreen shrubs,7 deciduous shrubs, and 53 herbaceous plants. The proportion of evergreen arbors was higher among the phytocoenosium in all of the five riverside-waterfront greenways, where the proportions of deciduous arbors and colored-leaf arbors were relatively lower. The selection of plant species highlighted the regional features, but the seasonality is not obvious.(2) The SBEs of the evaluated 26 communities was in range of -1.36～1.75. The SBEs of 14 communities were above zero, and most of them were three-layer structure. Citizens think highly of the communities with rich-species and reasonably planted trees. Some ornamental tree species are people’s favorite, like Kapok, Bauhinia purpurea, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Albizzia falcata, Leucophyllum frutescens, Fatsia japonica, and so on. The factors on SBE of urban riverside-waterfront greenways mainly include composition characteristics and the richness of tree species, the plant configuration and color, and seasonality, etc..(3) The landscape area with the best cooling effect was the Nanyuan Ficus Viewing Area; the area with the best humidifying effect in autumn was the Jinan Guangming Port Park; With the lowest UVB was Jinan Guangming Port Park, then the Nanyuan Ficus Viewing Area, and the last were Nanyuan Jiangpanxianqing and the lawn landscape areas of Jinan hot spring Park; with the lowest PM2.5 was the lawn landscape areas of Jinan hot spring Park; with the best effect of noise reduction was landscape areas of Nanyuan Jiangpanxianqing, then Nanyuan Ficus Viewing Area, and the last was the lawn landscape areas of Jinan hot spring Park. Therefore, the following suggestions was put forward,(1)With the fact that the proportion of deciduous trees and evergreen trees in the five main greenways in Fuzhou was about 1:5, it was suggested that more deciduous arbors should be applied to highlight the seasonal change of the communities. Based on the evergreen trees like families of Palmae, Sapindaceae, and Moraceae, it was suggested that some deciduous arbors with flowering and foliage feature should be properly located, such as the flowering and foliage plant which suitable for the local climate, flowering deciduous arbors like Kapok, Lagerstroemia speciosa, prunus lannesiana, michelia alba, Ceiba insignis, Tabebuia chrysantha, Erythrina variegata Linn., Cerasus campanulata (Maxim.) Yu et Li etc.. and foliage plant like Ficus virens, Acer lingii, Nyssa sinensis, Sapium discolor and so on.(2)The problem existed in all of the five riverside-waterfront greenways was the less use of the small arbors between arbors and shrubs. It was suggested that small arbors, likeNageia nagi (Thunb.) O. Kuntze, Podocarpus macrophyllus D. Don Yucca gigantea Lem., Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng., etc., should be more planted for the reason that these species are not only shade-tolerant, but can add to the stability of the phytocoenosium, which contribute to a richer structure of the phytocoenosium and a better effect of dust and noise reduction. Meanwhile, for the enrichment of plant species, the cover plant species with shade tolerance should be added, like herbaceous plan, pteridophytes, Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth, Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Asch., Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl, etc..(3)The species suitable for southern planting and with the ability of PM2.5 reduction should be added in greenways, such as greening tree species:Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Her. ex Vent., Erythrina variegata Linn., Ficus virens, Ficus altissima Blume, Sophora japonica Linn., Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd., Magnolia grandiflora, Morus alba Linn. Sp., etc.; shrub species, like Nerium oleander L., Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton, Schefflera heptaphylla (Linn.) Frodin, Fagraea ceilanica Thunb., Dracaena fragrans Ker-Gawl., Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & Dransf., Aglaia odorata Lour etc, ground cover plant, like, Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Hedera helix L., Commelina communis L., Mentha canadensis L., Agave americana L., Sansevieria trifasciata Prain ect. |
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