Morphological And Genetic Diversity Of Apis Cerana Cerana In Chongqing

122 colonies of the Apis cerana were collected from 13 districts of Chongqing. The genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana was surveied for Chongqing germplasm resources.In this study, the genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana in Chongqing was analyzed by using morphological markers and mitochondrial DNA markers. This study did not only lay the basis for overall investigation of the genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana in Chongqing, but also provided the support to protect the Chongqing bees. The main results are as follows:1. Diversity of morphological featuresAnalysing the 6 morphological indexes of Apis cerana cerana in Chongqing, the result indicated that there were extremely significant differences（P <0.01）, significant differences（P <0.05） or no significant difference（P> 0.05） among the geographical populations; correlation analysis of 6 morphological indexes showed that there were extremely significant correlations between the remaining five indicators except cubital vein index was not correlated with the remaining five indicators, 6 morphological indexes direct cluster and principal component cluster analysis were consistent, and the results showed that A. cerana cerana in Chongqing and Jingmen, Leshan clustered into two clades; these populations in Chongqing were formed three apparent clades, which included the first Wulong-Dalou clade, mainly including Wulong, Nanchuan, Jiangjin and soon, the second Daba clade, Chengkou mainly as a representative, the third Chongqing northwest clade represented by Hechuan. Discriminant function clustering results showed that Chongqing and Jingmen, Hubei province, Leshan, Sichuan province still clustered into two clades, but the internal clustering in Chongqing has differences, the clade of Chengkou and Aba were clustering together but out of group, Wulong, Nanchuan, Jiangjin clustered in Wuling-Dalou mountain type. This suggested that the principal component cluster was able to better reflect the relevance of morphological differentiation and geographical environment of A. cerana cerana in Chongqing.2. Analysis of the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNASequencing mitochondrial tRNAleu CO Ⅱ segment and analyzing the non-coding region for 139 colonies A. cerana cerana, total of 17 haplotypes were found from all samples, of which eight common haplotypes and nine unique haplotypes populations. The total haplotype diversity was 0.711 ± 0.00065 and nucleotide diversity was 0.01792, thus A.cerana cerana in Chongqing has a abundant genetic diversity. Compared to the reported A.cerana cerana, haplotype H₄, H₇, H₁3 of Chongqing were newly discovered and the first time reported. Based on network mediation analysis and cluster analysis, 17 haplotypes were clustered into three clades, haplotype H₁, H₃, H₅ were three mainly clusters, haplotype H₁ was major clade, new haplotype H₄ and H₁3 originated from haplotype H₁, haplotype H₇ with the rest of haplotypes showed separation.3. Diversity of the old barrel keeping of A. cerana cerana in ChongqingThrough analysis of the morphology and mitochondrial DNA of non-coding region of old barrel keeping A. cerana cerana, the result of morphological clustering indicated a significant relationship with geographical, most A. cerana cerana keeping their geographical characteristics, Chengkou populations belongs to Daba type, the Wulong, Jiangjin, Nanchuan, Pengshui were Wuling-Da Lou type, this supports the results of principal component cluster of morphological indexes, and indicating that collected samples are consistent with records, most of them to be collected from the wild bees, have no bigger mobility, and can be a comprehensive and truly reflected the genetic diversity of A. cerana cerana in Chongqing. Compared the haplotype with morphological analysis for old barrel keeping A. cerana cerana, the result suggested that the same haplotypes might have different morphological indexes, and in the same location, whose morphological indexes were close, but had different haplotypes.