Research And Application On The Related Technology Of Milk Balanced Provision At Dairy Goat Farm(â…¡)

Accompany with the development of economy and the change of human living form,easy to digest and healthcare function has been accepted by more and more customers.However, dairy goats as a seasonal breeding and lactating animal, there are a period which could not provide fresh goat milk to the market every year if produce and supply milk according to the natural breeding season. Therefore, to solve the problem of balanced supplement of fresh milk the whole year from dairy goat farm is a matter of great urgency.In this test, according to the composition of dairy goats farm, planned breeding ewes were divided into four batches, then we implemented estrus synchronization and induced oestrus, and then conducted artificial insemination or natural mating in current year’s August,October, December and the next year’s March respectively, thus goat would deliver and lactate during different period in next year. We compared 6 kinds of semen diluents which were different in nutrition, buffer, protective agents or proportion to dilute and preserve,selecting a better preservation of semen dilution formula. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol(17 β-E2), progesterone(P4), growth hormone(GH) and Prolactin(PRL) in serum from various stages of pregnant dairy goat was detected by the commercial hormones ELISA detecting technology. We monitored the immunoglobulins(Ig A and Ig G) concentration of goat colostrum which lambed in different seasons. We monitored the main components of milk of goat lambed in different season. We detected whether milk quality reached the standard, and we further adjusted the diet and rearing methods of lactation goat according to the milk composition changes. We monitored the growth condition of lamb born in different season, to accumulate the fundamental data of taking appropriate measures to cultivate lambs born in different season. Through the above several aspects of testing and monitoring, to expect to establish comprehensive techniques system of dairy goat farm’s balanced supply of fresh milk the whole year, and to lay the foundation for application in production practice eventually.The test contents and results:1. Screening of semen dilution of milk goat. We designed six kinds of dairy goat semendiluents, and among these, formula 1 and 2 were simple goat semen diluents which commonly used in domestic artificial insemination. The formula 1 mainly consisted of glucose, sodium citrate and yolk,and formula 2 was added EDTA on the basis of formula 1,which was to compare the difference in the ability of semen diluents to cryopreservation goat sperm with or without EDTA. In the third semen diluent, we changed sodium citrate of the second semen diluent into Tris and added citric acid to compare the buffer effect on semen preservation with semen diluent 1 and 2.The forth semen diluent was mainly composed of glucose, Tris, citric acid, EDTA and yolk, focusing on inspecting semen diluent’s ability to save the semen when the energy material was glucose. In the fifth semen diluent, we changed glucose of the forth semen diluent into fructose, mainly inspecting semen diluent’s ability to save the semen when the energy material is fructose. We used glucose and fructose as the sixth semen diluent’s energy substances, inspecting semen diluent’s ability of energy substances mixture to save the semen. The results suggested that saving to 48 h, the sperm motility had no significant difference between six kinds of semen dilution(P>0.05), and all sperm motility but formula 1 were more than 0.7. After 72 h, the preservation effect of formula 4(84 h,0.58) and formula 6(84 h,0.57) were significantly better than that of other four kinds of semen diluents(P<0.05). In addition, The effective save time(the save time of sperm motility being 0.3) of formula 4 was longer than formula 6.2. Using NRID(Norgestrel Releasing Intra-vaginal Device)+PMSG/FSH+PG(prostaglandin) to estrus synchronization process in current year’s August, October, December and next year’s March, the total estrus rate respectively were 93.48%, 90%, 85.71% and72.73% during 96 h. It was higher than PG+PMSG/FSH for twice(86.67%, 83.33%, 75% and66.67%, respectively),but showed no significant difference(P > 0.05).3. Blood samples were taken and collected, and ewes sera were isolated in 20 d after mating, the middle of a pregnancy(75 d after mating), late pregnancy(prenatal around 20 d,pregnancy for 130 d) and before delivery(appearing delivery symptoms), detecting peripheral blood hormone levels. The results suggested that detection of three batches breeding ewes,changes of 6 kinds hormonal were basically consistent; during dairy goats pregnancy,the levels of FSH and LH in serum showed the trends of gradually decreasing; The level of17β-E2 and P4 gradually elevated, and it arrived to the peak in late pregnancy, and then concentration decreased when dairy goat delivery. The level of PRL and GH continued to rise in the whole pregnancy period.4. After four batches of breeding ewes lambing, the concentration of Ig A and Ig G in colostrums(0-7d) were 1890.84-951.02 μg/m L and 127.26-8.38 mg/m L respectively, and the concentration of Ig A and Ig G in colostrum between the four batches trends of decreasing wereconsisten, and had no significant difference(P>0.05). The concentration of total fat solid(TS), protein, solid of non-fat(SNF), lactosed and fat in goat’s milk were 13.72-15.07%,3.31-3.45%, 8.48-8.88%, 4.03-4.20%, 4.91-5.77%, respectively. The fat content of ewes’ s milk in each group changed with the same trend, at the same time, fat content in milk of ewes after the lambing had differences between the lambing month. Ewes lambing in May in the first month to 3 months after birth, and ewes lambing in July in postnatal day 7 to 1 month after birth,milk fat content is lower than in January and March lambing ewes with phase milk fat content. The total fat solid(TS) and solid of non-fat(SNF) between ewes lambing in May and other batches had difference, but the other content(except for fat) of goat’s milk during almost whole lactation period between the ewes lambing in 1, 3 and 7 month had no significant difference(P>0.05). According to the calendar, it is considered that the different farm and feeds supplement in different months contributed to the milk contents differences,Because of the farm supplying the fresh ryegrass in May to September.5. The growth speeds of lambs born in different months were similar within 30 days.After 90 days, the growth speed of female lambs born in May was lower than female lambs born in January and March. After 90 days, the growth speed of male lambs born in May was lower than male lambs born in January and March, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).