| One of the main stored grain insects of beans and seeds is Callosobruchus chinensis(L.). It is an urgent problem to develop a kind of environmentally-friendly botanical Pesticide. In this study, the cinnamon, fennel, nutmeg and amomum plant essential oils will be extracted using the method of steam distillation. Fumigation toxicity and population inhibition of the four essential oil for Callosobruchus chinensis(L.) will be tested. Then the chemical composition of the four essential oil will be analyzed using the method of GC-MS. After that, Fumigation toxicity and population inhibition of the five monomeric compounds for Callosobruchus chinensis(L.) will be tested. Finally, optimal volume proportions of theses synergistic combinations will be screened out, after binary mixtures of five monomeric compounds, and fumigation toxicity and population inhibition for Callosobruchus chinensis(L.) will be tested.(1) The optimized processing parameters of four essential oil, Cinnamomum cassia(P.), Myristica fragrans(H.), Foeniculum vu Lgare(M.) and Amomum Villosum(L.) yield extracted by steam distillation were as follows, the grinding degree was 40 mesh, 40 mesh, 20 mesh and 40 mesh; the ratio of distilled water to material powder was 1:20,1:18,1:23 and 1:20; the immersion time was 2h, 4h, 5h and 4h; the extraction time 4h, 1.5h, 2.5h and 2h;the highest extraction ratio was1.53%,1.52%,2.72% and 0.65% respectively.(2) The cinnamon essential oil has effective fumigant effect on egg of Callosobruchus chinensis(L.) under laboratory condition. The fumigant effect of nutmeg essential oil has increasing to larva, pupa and adult of C.chinensis as time lengthening. The four essential oils have significant inhibition effect(P<0.05) on the average spawning, the average hatching rate, the average eclosion rate, the sex ratio,the developmental duration and the rate of population inhibition in C.chinensis, while developmental duration of F1 shortening after fumigant indicate the stimulation effect of essential oil.(3) The chemical components of four essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS technique. Sixteen components were identified in cinnamon essential oil,the main components and its relatetive ratio was trans-Cinnamaldehyd(53.25%),β-caryophyllene(12.17%), α-murolene(5.88%), δ-cadinene(5.31%) and α-pinene(1.74%) were the key components and the relation contents. Fifteen components were identified in fennel essential oil,the main components and its relatetive ratio was anethole(52.26%), estragole(32.82%), D-Limonene(5.00%) and fenchone(2.27%)were the key components and the relation contents. Twenty-one components were identified in nutmeg essential oil,the main components and its relatetive ratio wasβ-phellandrene(21.31%), Myristicin(19.68%),β-Pinene(11.46%), α-Pinene(10.68%),terpinen-4-ol(7.13%), D-Limonene(4.91%) and(1S)-α-Copaene(3.24%) were the key components and the relation contents. Twenty-three components were identified in fructus amomi essential oil,the main components and its relatetive ratio was camphene(14.41%), bornyl acetate(14.26%),(±)-camphor(5.53%) and α-cubebene(4.5%) were the key components and the relation contents.(4) Camphene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on egg and pupa of C.chinensis, D-Limonene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on larva,(1S)-α-Pinene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on adult. All four components has inhibition the average spawning, the average eclosion rate, the sex ratio, the developmental duration, the rate of population inhibition and the spawning rate beside the average hatching rate.(5) The synergistic ratios and co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) value of five components pair compounding indicated a synergistic effect. The blend of(1S)-α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on egg ofC.chinensis, the blend of(1S)-α-Pinene and D-Limonene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on larva, the blend of α-Pinene and(1S)-α-Pinene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on pupa, the blend of α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene exhibited excellent fumigant effects on adult. Furthermore, the binary mixture of five components had a better synergistic effect at the ratio of α-Pinene and(1S)-α-Pinene(6:4,v/v), α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene(4:6,v/v), α-Pinene and D-Limonene(9:1,v/v), α-Pinene and Camphene(6:4,v/v),(1S)-α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene(7:3,v/v),(1S)-α-Pinene and D-Limonene(6:4,v/v),(1S)-α-Pinene and Camphene(1:9,v/v), β-Caryophyllene and D-Limonene(7:3,v/v), β-Caryophyllene and Camphene(4:6,v/v) and D-Limonene and Camphene(4:6,v/v). Treating by all blends had restrained the average spawning rate,the average eclosion rate, the sex ratio, the developmental duration, the rate of population inhibition and the spawning rate in offspring of C.chinensis beside the average hatching rated of F1,and the average spawning of F1. |
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