| The effect of soil temperature, nutrient, enzyme activity and nutrient absorption of planting physiological indexes during dormancy and germination period as well as growth and development, fruit quality of grape on soil root zone temperature in greenhouse,8-year-old Red Globe grapes were evaluated. The test was set 25±1℃/15±1℃ (day/night) (below referred to as T25℃),20±1℃/15±1℃ (day/night) (below referred to as T20℃) and control (CK). The main results were as follows:1. Compared with the control, the average daily temperature of soil under the T25℃ and T20℃ increase 13.1℃ and 8.4℃ during raising temperature (from December 18 to Feburary 23)2. Compared with control, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrogen, P and K levels were reduced, the activitiyof soil enzyme is increased, promote root and shoot absorption of mineral elements at T25-C and T20℃ treated. The content of N and P in roots and branches were decreased when increasing soil deep and the content of K in root was increased at T25-c treatment. With temperature change the root and shoot of N, K content are improve at the same deep.3. The content of soluble sugar, amino acids, bound water and the ratio of bound water and free water in roots and branches are increased gradually during dormancy period. Which the content of starch, protein, total water and free water in roots and branches are decreased. Soluble sugar content was the opposite trend. The roots and branches of soluble sugar and starch content of the extreme value at T25℃ and T20℃ treatment appeared earlier than CK, which related to breaking dormancy of roots and branches under T25℃ and T20℃ The soluble and starch content of rapidly decrease coincide with dormancy period. Change of protein and amino acids resembled carbohydrates.4. SOD and POD activity of roots and branches gradually increased during dormancy, but IOD activity was decreased. The IOD activity of roots and branches were lowered to the valley at T25-c and T20℃ treatment on December 21, coinciding with dormancy release, CK treatment appear minimum at December 28. The result showed that we can break dormancy by heating the soil.5. The grape roots and shoots of total water and free water content were reduced during dormancy period, while the bound water content and the ratio of bound water and free water were upward. After the dormancy, various forms of water changes with opposite phase to dormancy. The minimum roots and shoots of free water content at T25℃ and T20℃ treatment in the dormant period and maximum of bound water content early than control. Showed roots and branches bound water and free water content changes can be used as indicators of grape relieve dormancy.6. T25℃, T20℃ and control treatment on germination process ends date on February 1, February 10 and February 27 respectively, sprout days, respectively 32 days,40 days and 55 days. Compared with T20℃ and control, T25℃ of infancy advance 12 days and 23 days respectively, flowering early days and 25 days, early maturity 8 days and 21 days.7. At T25-c and T20℃ treatment the grape shoot length and diameter, the number of spike per plant more than control, which total soluble solids and vitamin C content were increased, acid content was reduced, which can improve fruit quality. |
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