Effects Of Autumn Foliar Application Of Fertilizers On Red Globe Grapes

The experiment studied the effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizer on cold resisitance, condition of growth, germination, pollen vigor, fruit quality and yield of Red Globe grapes and screened the best formula of spray fertilizer. It can provide theoretical basis for fertility and quality on cultivation of Red Globe grapes. In October 2012, after Red Globe grape fruit harvest in Weinan of Shaanxi province, the experiment was prayed clear water as control and set up four different formulas with autumn foliar fertilizer. It once every 10 d spraying and spraying 3 times. At dormant pruning, one-year-old canes as the test material were determined after 4℃,-5℃,-10℃,-15℃,-20℃,-25℃ refrigerated processing with 12 hours on cold resistance index and nutrition level by using Kjeldahl determination, molybdenum antimony sulfate resistance, flame spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, anthrone colorimetry, conductivity meter method, nitroblue tetrazolium photo-reduction and so on, which can be used analysis of the autumn foliar fertilizer effect on storage nutrition and cold resistance of Red Globe grapes. In the spring of 2013, in the stage of germination on Red Globe grapes of different treatments, diameter of vertical and horizontal about winter buds were measured. During the growth of new shoots, new shoots’ diameter and length were measured. Before flowering, it could determinate pollen viability and leaf area. In the fruit ripening, it could determinate indicators of fruit appearance quality, nutritional quality and yield. The results of the study are as follows:1. Effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on cold resistance of Red Globe grapes of WeinanTreatments with autumn foliar fertilizer formula were lower than control on semilethal temperature(LT50), which were between range 13.73~11.86℃. After freezing treatment with ﹣15℃, compared with the index value of cold resistance on one-year-old canes of each treatment at 4℃ as follows: increase of the relative electrical conductivity(REC) is between 92.13%~129.77%, which was lower than that of control(144.14%). Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and Peroxidase(POD) activity increase of one-year-old canes of each treatment were 72.25%~110.72% and 66.94 %~110.72% respectively, in addition to growth of treatment 1which was slightly lower than the control, and 2~4 treatments increased by 1.36%~19.76% and 18.82%~45.81% than control respectively. Increasing range of each treatment is 185.29%~185.29% on proline content, which of them increased by 29.33%~45.13% than control. After freezing treatment with-20 ℃, compared with the index value of Malondialdehyde(MDA) content on one-year-old canes of each treatment at 4℃, increasing range of each treatment is 45.40%~69.70% on Malondialdehyde(MDA) content, which of them reduced 25.24 %~49.54% than the control. After spraying fertilizer to annual shoots, their storage of soluble sugar, starch, zinc, iron and calcium were respectively 243.1~374.1 g·kg-1,103.1~237.2 g·kg-1, 25.44~56.74 g·kg-1, 29.06~54.58 g·kg-1 and 14.34~18.23 g·kg-1, which were higher than that of control. In contrast to control, the biggest growth of treatment 3 was 137.22% and 148.90% on soluble sugar and starch respectively. Treatment 4 with largest growth was 36.86% and 161.47% on calcium and zinc respectively. Treatment 3 with biggest increase was 95.14% on iron.2. Effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on growth physiology, germination and pollen vigor of Red Globe grapes of WeinanCompared with the control, all treatments were improvement in varying degree with autumn foliar application of fertilizers on diameter of winter bud’s transverse and longitude, shoots diameter, shoots length, leaf area, pollen viability and so on of Red Globe grapes, and their amplification are 12.15%~32.37%, 1.84%~22.39%, 8.08%~10.35%, 26.62%~54.13%, 3.23%~7.51%, 13.68%~47.09%, respectively.3. Effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on fruit quality and yield of Red Globe grapes of Weinan100-grain weight and 100-grain volumn with spraying fertilizer treatment were 10~20 g, 2.1~11.9cm3 higher than control, respectively.Carpopodium pull and firmness were 6.87~7.21 N and 3.90~4.58 kg·cm-2, less than those of control(7.72 N, 4.60 kg·cm-2). Total soluble solid, ascorbic acid, sugar-acid ratio with spraying fertilizer treatments were 0.7%~2.1%, 0.0125~0.2488 mg·hg-1, 9.3436~16.0703 higher than those of control. Titratable acid of all treatments with spraying fertilizer was lower than that of control. Growing rate of yields was 21.47%~57.25%, and increase of treatment 3 and 4 was up to 57%.Combined the index of cold resistance with the nutrition analysis on red globe grapes could infer annual branches hardiness and ability of storage nutrition were obviously enhanced through spraying different autumn foliar fertilizer formulation. Compared with control and other treatments of spraying fertilizer, the spray fertilizer formula of treatment 3 and 4 can effectively promote the physical growth of trees, improve fruit quality and increase production of fruit. The test results showed that treatment 3 spray fertilizer formula(1.5% phosphorus fertilizer + 0.6% iron fertilizer + 0.5% calcium fertilizer; ②2.0% phosphorus fertilizer + 2.0% iron fertilizer + 2.0% calcium fertilizer; 2.0% phosphate fertilizer + 2.0% iron fertilizer + 2.0% calcium) and treatment 4 spray fertilizer formula(①1.5% phosphorus fertilizer + 0.6% magnesium fertilizer + 0.5% zinc fertilizer; ②2.0% phosphate fertilizer + 2.0% magnesium fertilizer + 1.0% zinc fertilizer; ③2.0% phosphate fertilizer + 2.0% magnesium fertilizer + 1.0% zinc fertilizer) were the ideal achievements.