| Piptoporus betulinus, an important wood-degrading fungus parasitic for birch (Betula species), has been widely used in folk medicine for anti-parasitic and antibacterial agent of wounds or colorectal cancer and other diseases. In western countries, it has been research for many decades, and related studies gradually increased. However, the study of this fungus started recently and mainly focused on pharmacological effects, chemical composition of sporocarp and degradation mechanism, less research in artificial cultivation, genetic diversity and variety breeding. For other medical fungi, such as Lucid Ganoderma and Cordyceps militaris, they have already been cultivated many new varieties.In wood rotting fungi, the brown-rot fungus P. betulinus plays a vital role in the degradation of birch. It can cause mass loss of birch wood in many conditions, and give rise to brown rot disease on the fragile tree trunks and branches. To date, research on related wood-degrading enzyme was at its early stage of development. Therefore, we quantificationally determinated cellulases (xylanase, a-glucosidase and mannanase) and hemicellulases (endo-cellulase, cellobiohydrolase andβ-glucanase) of P. betulinus collected from four locations to lay the foundation for research on degradation mechanism. The results of enzyme activities indicated that it was highest in strains from Maoer and Changbai Mountains, and variance analysis showed that there was significantly different in enzyme activities between strains and treated days. Additionally, multidimensional scaling analysis and heatmap analysis divided all strains into two groups basically according to the geographic principle similar to genetic relationship, indicating the level of enzyme activities was a difference in strains, which laid a foundation for follow-up experiments to identify a difference at the molecular level.Actually, the appearance of this fungus is very similar sampled throughout the world. Therefore, it is difficult to classify them just based on morphological characters. TRAP and SRAP markers are novel molecular technologies with rapid and simple to conduct, high polymorphism, good repeatability and high-usage of primers. Thus, we analyzed genetic diversity of P. betulinus using target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) and sequence-related amplification polymorphism (SRAP) markers to provide the theoretical basis for new variety breeding and identification in the future. Our results showed that the number of polymorphism bands produced by TRAP marker (200 bands with a polymorphic rate of 95.24%) was higher than that in SRAP marker (131 fragments with a polymorphic rate of 88.51%), demonstrating that SRAP harbored more hereditary information than TRAP. Almost all inherited indexes were the highest in Xiaoxinganling District and the lowest in Changbai Mountain, suggesting that Xiao District has relatively high variation. All samples have rich diversity, and variability mainly occurred within population, which was consistent with the result of genetic differentiation coefficients. The cluster and principal coordinates (PCoA) analyses further exhibited the genetic relationship among all accessions, namely, stains sampled from Xiao and Da Districts grouped together, while Changbai and Maoer Mountains gathered in a class, which conformed to the geographic principle similar to genetic relationship. Furthermore, clustering map could also reflect the geographical source of fungus using TRAP/SRAP data. Heatmap result demonstrated that all samples’ relationship was in agreement with clustering and PCoA analyses. |
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