| The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),flagship of protected animal species whose captive populations continue to increase after breeding technology constantly improving. To 2015, the population of captive giant panda has reached 425 only. Thus, as the rapid development of domestic tourism, some scholars think visitors increase rapidly is direct causes of captive animals stress response, but the reason is rarely discussed. On the one hand, the noise caused by visitors increase itself relationship with tourists the study about tourists, On the other hand, the performance of influenced animals can be separated into behavior and hormone.As the giant panda population increase, feeding environment is limited, and their tending ability decline, Change the nursing model of giant panda. For example, there have two modes, parental care and non-parental care. There’re series of reasons and inclued: bad maternal, low level of lactation, weak health, sickness and so on, or lack of parenting behavior which result in the fact that some cows cannot breed their cubs. Lactation period is a special stage after Parturition, which is particularly significant for the growth of cubs and the building of the relationship of mother and it’s cubs. Nursing behavior is a critical part of animal behavior, plays an essential role in existence and expanding of population.So, the ability of cows’ recognizing cubs affects the devotion degree of their breeding,which maybe a essential factor of individual differences during the period of cubs’ recognizing growth. As a consequence, understanding the change of pandas’ nursing behavior and the time distribution rule during the lactation period is conducive to improve the quality of its breeding. It is of great significance for the population growth.For one thing,to discuss the relation between cortisol changes and tourist noises, we used noninvasive method and enzyme linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) to experiment and collect data. From September to October in 2014,we carried out cortisol detection towards 8 adult pandas in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding and monitored tourist amount and sound level of outdoor activities field at the same time. For another,to explore whether different feeding mode exist the maternal recognizing phenomenon when a giant panda breeds both biological and non-biological cubs, using focal sampling and instantaneous sampling to experiment and collect data. From August to October in 2015,we took 7 pandas in lactation period and 13 cubs in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding as experimental subject and observed the behaviors during cows’ breeding period.We sampled a subject each day and did that twice a day in the morning and afternoon,of which the specific time was settled according to the breeder.Probing into the maternal ability of recognizing of lactation giant panda, assay the time distribution of nusring behavior, the duration and the nursing behavior of breeding two kinds of cubs to know whether giant panda has the ability of recognizing cubs.The results showed that:The noise level and the level of cortisol in the following day have positive correlation(r=0.406, P <0.05); tourist amount and the noise level have positive correlation(r=0.866,P <0.01); tourist amount and changes of the cortisol level in the following day have no obvious correlation(r=0.287, P>0.05). Although tourist amount increased several times over during the golden week,the noise level increased just to a small extent, the cortisol level has no marked change. So, think that captive pandas stress reaction is mainly for tourists caused by the influence of noise.Embracing and licking cubs are the main breeding behaviors during giant p anda’s lactation, which account for 48.76% and 28.98%. Secondly, were positio n adjustment,sniffing cubs and other behaviors. Holding cubs in their mouth,stari ng at them,abandoning them,resting and separating are too rare to count; the av erage durations of cows breeding biological and non-biological cubs have no dif ference(P>0.05),are 35.24 and 34.27 minutes per time; During lactation, there’re obvious differences in cows’ embracing,position changing,resting and other beha viors towards two kinds of cubs. Embracing and position changing behaviors ar e more while resting and other behaviors are much less than that of breeding n on-biological ones.In addition, when cows are breeding two kinds of cubs, therewere no difference in holding them in the mouth,licking,sniffing,staring at them,abandoning them,separating and so on(P>0.05). As a result,the research of lacta tion panda’s breeding behavior reveals that giant panda has the ability of mater nal recognition. |
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