Technology And Demonstration Of Selective Breeding With Its Planting Of Native Plants And Drought-relief For Soil Moisture Preserving In Karst Drainage

Although rainfall is abundant in karst area, its spatial and temporal distribution is homogeneous, with the two element structure of the ground surface and underground, so that seasonal drought is frequent. With the increase of extreme drought in Southwest China in recent years, the selection of drought resistance plant type and soil water retention is particularly important in karst area especially the karst desertification area. Based on the restoration ecology and stress physiology theory, ecological monitoring of Chaoying watershed of Bijie and Dingtan watershed of Zhenfeng was carried out, the local natural conditions, vegetation types and growth conditions was obtained, through the experiment results of simulating drought stress, the native plants which are suitable for large-scale cultivation in karst area were selected after the indoor pot water control experiment. The selected drought resistant plants were cultivated standardized in different karst desertification area in above two small watersheds in 2015, four kinds of water retention technologies were applied and demonstrated on these plants like withered branches and leaves covering, crushed stone covering, film mulching and water retaining agents, and the results are as follows:(1)According to the research status of woody plants in different grades of karst desertification in two demonstrations, based on physiological simulating experiment of water control on indoor pot and evaluation process of the drought resistance of plants by multidimensional space coordinate synthetic evaluation method, It represents a decreased tendency for drought resistance is as “Zanthoxylum bungeanum >Lonicera japonica >Rosa roxbunghii >Juglans regia”.(2)The mode which include planting soil moisture coupled mountain plateau potential- light rocky desertification cavernous preparation and covering soil moisture and drought resistant afforestation mode and plateau Valley moderate intensity stone desertification fish scale pit soil and plastic film, and water retaining agent drought resistant afforestation mode were basically completed.According to the different grades of rocky desertification terrain and climate characteristics, conservation technology be integrated into the planting process.The Planting technology process for breeding, soil fertilizer, plant science, pruning, pest control. In the preparation process should be according to the actual situation in the rocky desertification area of scientific preparation, for smaller slope potential- light rocky desertification area by the cavernous soil preparation, for slope more moderate intensity rocky desertification area take fish scale pit site preparation.(3)According to karst area arid habitat characteristics, adjust measures to local conditions, in mild potential rocky desertification area take litter and crushed stone covered, in moderate- intensity mulching and water retaining agent.Through soil moisture conservation measures to reduce soil moisture evaporation or increase around the root system of water condensation and absorption can alleviate the damage of drought on plant. On the basis desertification grades lighter, more vegetation in the mountains, rich litter, gravel distribution characteristics of more extensive characteristic of Salaxi Demonstration,we present collecting litter and broken stones, to cover the seedling and soil moisture.But in Huajiang Demonstration area,because it has intensity rocky desertification,severe drought.Method for maintaining soil moisture by absorbing water from the surrounding water through a water retaining agent and method for covering.Through and control group by the index contrast found that various soil moisture and drought of soil water retention properties are better than the control. Due to the different plants, soil moisture effects vary.( 4) Soil moisture drought technology demonstration basically completed.Under the leadership of the task group in the demonstration area of the Salaxi,Demonstration area 25.33hm2.The application of stone covered area of 2hm2, the application of litter coverage area of 2hm2, Guanling- Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area 3hm2.Due to the litter cover and broken stone mulch in the long-term natural conditions would have damaged part, so to timely maintenance.(5)Technology of soil moisture and drought can promote the plant growth, produce good economic benefits and ecological benefits.In Karst area, soil moisture and drought can produce good economic benefit and ecological benefit. According to statistics, inSalaxidemonstration area planting medicinal Rosa roxburghii Tract and achieve abundant period after the output value to 5668 yuan. Against the economic costs of drought soil moisture computation, litter and crushed stone can in the mountains materials, water retaining agent 0.36 yuan.Litter cover, stone cover, plastic film mulching and applying water retaining agent can improve the growth rate of plants, compared with the income of Rosa roxburghii Tract, economic benefits significantly.