| The cultivation mode as one of the important factors that affects the flue-cured tobacco physiology and metabolism, play an important role in the process of flue-cured tobacco production. Chongqing tobacco producing areas located in Wuling and Sanxia area, the ecological environment is complex, which needs for special requirements to the mountain tobacco physiological metabolism and nutritional quality. This article attempts to formulate under different planting density and leaf number that Chongqing mountain flue-cured tobacco physiology and metabolism characteristics, in order to promote the sustainable development of tobacco production in Chongqing region to provide decision-making basis. The main results were as follows:1. Research on group physical characteristics of Chongqing flue-cured tobaccoGroup physiological characteristics analysis showed that under the three kinds of planting density and remained leaves number, leaf area per plant, leaf area index and leaf area duration trend along with the change of transplanting the number has increased. Also found that the tobacco of 16500 plants/hm2 plant leaf area index, leaf area, specific leaf area duration were higher than other two kinds of planting density. Remained leaves number of 18 strains of plant leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration and specific leaf area were higher than other two kinds of leaf number, growth rate, leaf area and population growth rate of tobacco plant relative growth rate of the analysis of 19500 plants/hm2>16500 plants/hm2>13500 plants/hm2. From the double factors interaction, planting density × remained leaves number interactions significantly influence the leaf area of tobacco plant, leaf area duration, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate of tobacco plant.2. Research on photosynthetic characteristics of Chongqing flue-cured tobaccoWith the increase of planting density, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular our fleet concentration(Ci), the instantaneous light energy utilization efficiency(SUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) showed a trend of increase gradually, 19500 plant/hm2 increase the maximum; Chlorophyll relative content showed a trend of decrease after the first increase the maximum under 16500 plants/hm2; Transpiration rate(Tr) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency(CUE) a trend of increase with the decrease of the first, the maximum value under the 13500 plants/hm2 processing; Stomatal limitation(Ls) is a trend of decrease gradually, under the 13500 plants/hm2 processing to achieve the maximum; Upper leaves of light intensity decreases gradually, while the lowest leaf tobacco showed a trend of decrease after the first increase. With the increase of leave leaf number, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transient light energy utilization efficiency(SUE) and transient carboxylation efficiency(CUE), water use efficiency(WUE) showed a trend of increase gradually, in 22 remained leaves a maximum number of processing orders. The relative contents of chlorophyll and transpiration rate(Tr) is gradually decreasing trend, maximum value under 14 remained leaves number processing. Intercellular our fleet concentration(Ci) shows the tendency of increase with the decrease of the first, the maximum value under 22 remained leaves number processing; Stomatal limitation(Ls) showed a trend of decrease after the first increase and maximum value under 18 leave leaf number processing. To upper leaves in light intensity decreases gradually, while the lower leaf tobacco first increases and then decreases.Planting density and remained leaves number, two-factor interaction under A1B1 processing, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, light energy use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency are at the maximum, water use efficiency and stomatal limitation maximum under A2B1, and the intercellular CO2 concentration reaches the maximum under A3B3. Net photosynthetic rate,light energy use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency,water use efficiency and stomatal limitation under the A2B2 to achieve the minimum and stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration under A2B1 to achieve the minimum. Under A1B1, although it’s net photosynthetic rate is highest, but its transpiration rate is high, so the water use efficiency is low.3. Research on metabolism of Chongqing flue-cured tobaccoPlanting density and remained leaves number of Chongqing comprehensive effect of flue-cured tobacco showed that reducing sugar, potassium, nitrogen increases with the increase of planting density, content of cash for upper leaves>middle leaves>lower leaves, nicotine content with the increase of planting density drop again first, while the chlorine content and sugar alkali than the decline in the emc increased with the increase of planting density, nitrogen alkali ratio, potassium chloride ratio increases with the increase of planting density. Reducing sugar increased with the increase of left lobe number(B), nicotine, potassium increases with the increase and decrease, the chlorine content increases with leave leaf number down first, then increase the phenomenon, the content of nitrogen and potassium chloride than are first increase then decrease, while sugar alkali ratio, alkali nitrogen ratio increases with the increase of the leave leaf number. And interactive analysis from two factors: in addition to nitrogen density alkali than no significant influence, has significant influence on other indicators at least, leave leaf number were not significantly influence the chlorine content, but significant impact on the reducing sugar content and nicotine content, nitrogen content, potassium content, sugar alkali ratio, alkali than nitrogen, potassium chloride. Remained leave number and planting density interaction only for chlorine, potassium chloride, potassium content than to have significant impact.Under the three planting density of tobacco leaf amylase activity at the highest of 16500 plants/hm2, sucrose synthase size followed by A3>A2>A1, sucrose phosphate synthase is falling as density increased; Three remained leaves number of tobacco amylase the activity of sucrose synthase with 16500 plants/hm2 highest, three remained leaves number under the order of tobacco leaves and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase size is B1>B3>B2. From the interaction analysis, planting density and leaf number three key enzymes of carbon metabolism indexes had no significant effect, and planting density×remained leaves number three key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen have a significant impact.Under the three planting density of nitrate reeducates activity and glutamine synthetase activity of 19500 plants/hm2 were maximum, followed by 16500 plants/hm2 and 13500 plants/hm2; Three remained leaves number under the size of tobacco leaf nitrate reeducates activity of B1>B3>B2, three remained leaves number under the order of tobacco leaf and glutamine synthetize activity size is B1>B2>B3. From the interaction analysis, two key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism are significantly affected with planting density×remained leaves number.4. Research on environment adaptability of Chongqing flue-cured tobaccoUnder the three planting density, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia solution in turn is 13500 plants/hm2 > 16500 plants/hm2>19500 plants/hm2, under the three planting density, the activity of polyphenol oxidase is 13500 plants/hm2 > 16500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2; Under the three planting density, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) is 16500 plants/hm2 > 13500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2; Under the three planting density, peroxidase activity is 16500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2 > 13500 plants/hm2; Under the three planting density, catalase activity is 16500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2 > 13500 plants/hm2, under three remained leaves number, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia solution is 13500 plants/hm2 > 16500 plants/hm2>19500 plants/hm2,13500 plants/hm2 and 16500 plants/hm2 processing both differ 1.5. Under Three remained leaves number, polyphenol oxidase activity is 13500 plants/hm2 > 16500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2; Under Three remained leaves number, superoxide dismutase(sod) decreased with the increase of leaf number; Under three remained leaves number, the peroxidase activity is 16500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2 > 13500 plants/hm2; Under three remianed leaves number, the catalase activity is 16500 plants/hm2 > 13500 plants/hm2 > 19500 plants/hm2. What can be seen from the analysis of interaction is that planting density×remianed leaves number significantly influences polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase. |
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