Research On Optimized Fertilization Method Of Processing Tomato Under Drip Irrigation With Plastic Film Mulch

Aims:Processing tomato is main vegetable crops in scale in Xinjiang. At present, Xinjiang has become regionalized layout and specialized production for processing tomato. Processing tomatoes has become industries with unique advantages in Xinjiang. However, excess nitrogen and little potassium fertilizer input have been a common phenomenon which lead to processing tomato yield and quality go down and add to incidence of blossom end rot. Therefore, processing tomato nutrient fertilization experiment was designed relying on drip irrigation. From fertilization structure to start, the experiment was designed different nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, to seek the best application rate of fertilizer and optimize the structure of fertilization with processing tomato growth required. Design of soil acidification experiment, to study soil calcium availability and processing tomato calcium absorption and regulation of blossom end rot situation at soil acidulated experiment. The result would to provide a scientific basis for the processing tomato production, from optimized fertilization achieve high yield and quality of processing tomato and preventing blossom end rot.Methods:(1)Optimize application of fertilization experiment conducted in Agriculture Experiment Station of Shihezi University in 2014. Four nitrogen levels consist of 0、210、300、390 kg/hm2 and four K2 O levels consist of 0、135、225、315 kg/hm2 were adopted in this study. Through surveyed N and K nutrients concentration in plant, yield components and quality of processing tomato,blossom end rot, fertilizer use efficiency, seek the best application rate of fertilizer processing tomato growth required to optimize the structure of fertilization.(2)Soil acidification experiment conducted at Xinjiang Tianye Agriculture Research Institute in 2015. The research included two parts: 1.Under different acidulant treatment included ammonium sulfate(AS) and urea phosphate(UP) and UP+NO3--N as acidification fertilizer. 2.Different acidulant complex formulation treatment. Study on the effect of acidic fertilizer on calcium nutrition and yield of processing tomato by soil p H, soil water-soluble calcium, content of fruit calcium, incidence of blossom end rot and yield of processing tomato.Results:1. Both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers increased processing tomato yield significantly,and effect of potassium fertilizer was inferior to that of nitrogen. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers could increase yield 32.8%-51.4% and 13.3%-23.0%, respectively. Yield increase of processing tomato was mainly due to promotion of fruit weight both by nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. And the N or K2 O rate had the highest yield was 265.5 kg/hm2 and 268.5 kg/hm2,respectively.2. Lycopene and soluble solids were 10.85% and 14.77% significantly lower in 390 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment than in the 300 kg/hm2 treatment. Sugar-acid ratio was 36.04% significantly less in the 390 kg/hm2 treatment than in the 210 kg/hm2 treatment. But blossom end rot were increased in significantly excess nitrogen treatments.3. Lycopene increased as increasing rate of potassium application. Lycopene content was the greatest in 315 kg/hm2 treatment. Soluble solids content and Sugar-acid ratio were improved8.81%-13.73% and 3.98%-30.68% by potassium fertilizer application, respectively. Blossom end rot were decreased by potassium fertilizer application.4. The incidence of blossom end rot significantly increased in ammonium sulfate+N-serve treatment. While the incidences of blossom end rot significantly decreased in nitrate nitrogen+urea phosphate treatment. The per fruit weight, yield than CK treatment were increased in nitrate nitrogen+urea phosphate treatment by 14.47% and 22.74%.5. Acidulant applied sigifincantly decreased soil p H, and the p H decreased in 2AS*+1UP,1AS*+2UP were 0.38 unit and 0.33 unit at most, respectively. The effect of acidifying was significant in physiological acidulant ammonium sulfate combined with chemical acidulant urea phosphate. Soil water-soluble calcium increased with acidulant application content increase,especially when applied ammonium sulfate. But ammonium sulfate+N-serve not good for calcium absorption and blossom end rot control and yield increased in processing tomato. The urea phosphate had opposite acidifying effect compared with ammonium sulfate.6. Combine ammonium sulfate(AS) and urea phosphate(UP), the per fruit weight, yield increased significantly.Conclusions:1. Our study suggest that optimal range of N fertilizer application rate was 254.1kg/hm2-265.5 kg/hm2, and K was 225 kg/hm2-230.2 kg/hm2.2. Ammonium sulfate or urea phosphate applied significantly decreased soil p H,acidizing result ammonium sulfate better than urea phosphate. The ammonium sulfate+N-serve application was beneficial to decrease soil p H and increase soil water-soluble calcium content. While it’s not beneficial to calcium absorption and blossom end rot control. The urea phosphate acidifying effect opposite of ammonium sulfate on calcium absorption and blossom end rot control.3. The nitrate nitrogen application increased calcium absorption fruit in processing tomato,nitrate nitrogen combined with urea phosphate application benefit for blossom end rot control and yield increased in processing tomato.