| The Lotus corniculatus, which has abundant germplasm resource and high value in comprehensive utilization, is not only a high-protein forage grass and an ornamental lawn plant, but also an ecological grass for soil and water conservation and improvement, and has very broad application prospects. Therefore, it has become an important approach to improve its utilization value by screening and breeding Lotus varieties of high adaptability, high yield as well as high quality. Choosing Leo(Lotus corniculatus L.’Leo’), Mirabal(lotus corniculatus L.cv. ’Mirabal’) and Georgia(Lotus corniculatus L. ’Georgia’) as controls, the yield and nutrient quality indexes of introduced 73 Russia Lotus corniculatus germplasm resources were measured in this study, after observing their environment adaptability, botanical and biological characteristics performance and agronomic traits in oasis in Northwest China. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering analysis were used to conduct comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits. Comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality were carried out by grey correlation degree analysis and clustering analysis, while that of production performance were carried out by AHP analysis. This study aims to provide theoretical basis for future large-scale promotion, planting and utilization of high quality of Lotus japonicus germplasm resources by screening germplasm resources with different traits and production needs. Results obtained were as follows:1. In northwest oasis area(Huangyang town of Wuwei), 61 in 73 germplasm resources of Russian Lotus corniculatus could complete growth period regularly. In the remaining 12 materials, Zxy06p-1738, Zxy06p-1748 and Zxy06p-1813 could not turn green in spring, and Zxy09p-5822, which showed a wintering rate of only 45.45%, could not grow regularly. In addition, Zxy08p-4706 was in vegetative growth all the time after turning green and unable to blossom, while Zxy08p-4843, Zxy08p-4868, Zxy08p-5397, Zxy08p-5402, Zxy08p-5484, Zxy09p-5778 and Zxy09p-6170 could blossom but not podding.2. Turning green period of germplasm resources of Russian Lotus corniculatus was in the mid of April, and the mature period was continuing from the beginning of July to August. Growth period ranged from 82 to114 d. The growth height varied between 39 and 72.10 cm, and the number of branches ranged from 10 to 75 per plant. The internode length were 3.40 ~ 10.00 cm, and the number of internodes distributed in 11 ~ 14. The leaf length and leaf width were 1.40 ~ 2.90 cm and 0.65 ~ 1.90 cm, respectively. Average growth rate was 1.24cm/d and its variation was unconspicious, with coefficient of variation presenting only 11.87%. The vertical variation coefficient was not obvious as well, with the variation coefficient presenting 18.03% and the average vertical coefficient presenting 67%. The weight per plant was 39 ~ 1225.70 g and has the most obvious variation(58.04%). The grass yield was 3120 ~ 81713.33 kg/hm2 and has an apparent variation(54.65%). The hay yield was 709.670 ~ 16758.52kg/hm2 and its variation coefficient was 51.97%, which was also obvious; The leaf stem ratio was 0.38~ 2.08 and its variation coefficient was obvious(39.40%). The dry fresh ratio was 0.14 ~ 0.34 and variation was unconspicious(15.81%). The pod number on each inflorescence was 2.00 to 5.00 and the average number was 3.05. The seeds number was 9.00 to 35.00 grain per pod and the average number was 17.09 grain. The thousand seed weight was 1.21 to 1.91 g, with the average number reaching 1.34 g.3. The correlation between grass yield and related agronomic traits as well as seed yield and related agronomic traits were analyzed by using simple correlation analysis, results showed that: extremely significant positive correlation existed in fresh grass yield and hay yield, yield per plant, plant height and branch number, in hay yield and yield per plant, plant height and branch number and in yield per plant and the number of branches. The thousand seed weight was extremely significantly positive correlated with per inflorescence small pods and each pod seed number. Eight main agronomic traits of 61 Russia Lotus corniculatus materials, which were able to complete growth period, were translated into three comprehensive indicators through principal component analysis, and divided into three clusters by clustering analysis.The first cluster had a total of 29 germplasm materials, including Zxy06p-1608, Zxy06p-1648, and Zxy06p-1687 etc., all of which belonged to medium yield materials of mid-maturing crawling rapid growth type. They were deserved to be landscape ground covers materials and charactered by small orthostatic coefficient, large crawl extent and coverage. The second cluster consisted of Zxy06p-2663, Zxy08p-4719 and Zxy08p-4768,and so on,which was a total of 24 germplasm materials.They were germplasm materials of late-maturing erect slow growth type with low forage yield; The third cluster comprised of materials such as Zxy06p-2205, Zxy06p-2228, Zxy06p-2287, Zxy06p-2666, Zxy08p-4693, Zxy09p-5809, Zxy09p-6365 and Zxy06p-2376, which belonged to germplasm materials of early-maturing semi-crawling intermediate speed growth type with high yield of grass and short growth period.4. The nutritional value of 61 Russia Lotus germplasm materials, which were able to complete the growth period, were comprehensively evaluated based on the index weight of nutritional value: dry matter(0.260), crude ash(0.229), crude protein(0.191), acid detergent fiber(0.182) and neutral detergent fiber(0.138). They were clustered into three groups through the grey relational degree weighted analysis and clustering analysis. Group 1 comprised of 10 germplasm materials with high nutritional value, including Zxy09p-6485, Zxy08p-4916, Zxy08p-4768, Zxy08p-5053, Zxy06p-2153, Zxy09p-6275, Zxy09p-6408, Zxy06p-1648, Zxy09p-6401 and Zxy09p-5642. Zxy09p-6485 had the highest nutritional value, relative feed value(195.24) and crude protein content(23.02%). It was followed by Zxy08p-5053 and Zxy08p-4916, which had the nutritional value of second to Zxy09p-6485 while their relative feed value ranked the tenth and the second, respectively. Group 2 consisted of 33 germplasm materials with intermediate nutritional value, including Zxy09p-5991, Zxy08p-4687 and Zxy08p-4589 etc.; Group 3 contained 18 germplasm materials with low nutritional value, including Zxy09p-5647, Zxy06p-2666 and the like Zxy09p-6368, with Zxy06p-2666 showing the lowest nutrient value and the lowest relative feed value(57.21).5. The yield traits and quality characteristics of Russian lotus showed polymorphism and abundant genetic diversity. The production performance of 61 Russia lotus germplasm materials, which were able to complete growth period, were comprehensively evaluated by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Results showed that: Zxy08p-4916 was at the first rank for its good properties, high hay yield, high nutritional value and relative feed value. The second rank contained a total of 8 materials with good comprehensive traits, including Zxy09p-6485, Zxy09p-6268, Zxy06p-2376, Zxy06p-2205, Zxy06p-1648, Zxy06p-2153, Zxy06p-2287 and Zxy08p-4589. The third rank had a total of 33 materials, which could be regarded as general germplasm materials, including Zxy08p-4693, Zxy09p-5642 and Zxy08p-4687, and so on. The fourth rank consisted of a total of 21 materials with poor comprehensive characteristics, such as Zxy09p-6478, Zxy09p-6365 and the like Zxy08p-5019. |
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