| Ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) is a technology that uses pressures above100MPa. The pressure is given effect to the liquid and solid materials. Subjected to ultrahigh pressure treatment at a given pressure for a given period, and then the pressure is quickly released. The purpose of extraction can achieve through this process. Ultrahigh pressure extraction has the advantages of high product yields, fast processing time, low energy consumption, the extraction of security solution of low impurity content, simple operation and so on. In addition, UPE is a non-thermal processing method, which helps to ensure that natural products with low thermal stability are not destroyed during extraction. This study introduced the development and application of ultrahigh pressure extraction technology. Flos Lonicerae japonicae, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai were studied by the ultrahigh pressure extraction. In order to investigate the bud surface micromechanism, analyse the effect of high pressure to total sugar, total protein and light transmittance and to understand the extraction mechanism, samples extracted by different methods were examined by SEM. It had important significance in the development of extracting active componenst from natural products by ultrahigh pressure extraction technology.Flos Lonicerae japonicae was commonly recognized as edible and medicinal food, dried bud or flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb., or the opening flower. Modern pharmacological studies had demonstrated that Lonicera japonica extracts have a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, antiviral and hepatoprotective effects. An ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE)-HPLC/DAD method was established to evaluate the quality of Flos Lonicerae japonicae. Ten active components, including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, luteoloside, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, and quercetin, were qualitatively evaluated and quantitatively determined. The optimal extraction conditions of the UPE were60%methanol solution,400MPa of extraction pressure,3min of extraction time, and1:30(g/mL) solid:liquid ratio. Under the optimized conditions, the total extraction yield of10active components was57.62mg/g. All the components showed good linearity (r≥0.9997) and recoveries. This method was successfully applied to quantify10components in22batches of Lonicera japonica samples from different areas.Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was a perennial herb, which belongs to the leguminous Glycyrrhiza. It was mainly applied in food, medicine, health care, cosmetic and so on. The main active components in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were triterpenoid such as glycyrrhizic acid, flavonoid such as glabridin and polysaccharide. The research demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza glabra L. has a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, reducing blood fat, atherosis, anti-bacteria, antiviral, anticancer. In this study, we investigated the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. by UPE technique. We evaluated the effects of four factors on the extraction yields of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin including different solvents, extraction pressure (MPa), extraction time (min) and solid/liquid ratio. The optimal extraction conditions of UPE by the orthogonal tests were:60%ethanol solution,500MPa of extraction pressure,3min of extraction time and1:40(g/mL) solid/liquid ratio. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction yields of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin were49.84mg/g and1.05mg/g, respectively. Compared with HRE and UAE, UPE had higher extraction yielded of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin than UAE. Besides, the extraction time of UPE is only1min which is1/120and1/30of HRE and UAE, respectively.Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai was from Rosaceae Chaenomeles, fruit of chaenomeles speciosa. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai was an edible and medicinal food. The active components in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai were organic acid, flavonoids, terpenoid and sterol compounds. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai had a number of biological activities such as antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, liver protection. We investigated the extraction of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai by ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) technique. We evaluated the effects of four factors on the extraction yields of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid including different solvents, extraction pressure (MPa), extraction time (min) and solid/liquid ratio. The optimal extraction conditions of UPE are:methanol solution,500MPa of extraction pressure,5min of extraction time and1:30(g/mL) solid/liquid ratio. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction yields of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were0.47mg/g and3.66mg/g, respectively.This article described the study of UPE in Flos Lonicerae japonicae, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. The optimum extraction parameters were obtained through optimizing the process parameters of ultrahigh pressure extraction. The experiment also Compared UPE with traditional extraction methods. The application of UPE in the actual production and the inference of extraction mechanism were studied, which can prove the advantages of UPE.This article provided a theoretical basis and technical support in the application of the extraction and separation of effective components in natural products by UPE. |
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