The Value Of TGF-β1, VEGF Expression For Clinical Stage And Cryoablation In Prostate Cancer

Objective:Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in male. As we know, the progression of tumor is a complex process, and results from the imbalance of gene regulation, which is related to a variety of oncogenes and growth factors. Studies have shown that TGF-β1and VEGF play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. However, there are rare study about the value of TGF-β1, VEGF expression for clinical stage and cryoablation in prostate cancer. We detected TGF-β1and VEGF expression in pathological specimens by immunohistochemistry, and the plasma levels of TGF-β1and VEGF by Elisa assay. To explore the correlations of TGF-β1, VEGF expression and clinical pathological characteristics, we detected TGF-β1and VEGF expression in pathological specimens by immunohistochemistry. And to explore the value of TGF-β1and VEGF expression in cryoablaion, the dynamic change of TGF-β1and VEGF levels in plasma before and after cryoablation were measured.Materials and Methods:1. We detected the expression of TGF-β1and VEGF by immunohistochemistry in pathological prostate cancer specimens which were collected in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January2008to December2011, and analyzed the relationship between TGF-β1and VEGF expression and clinical stage and pathology.2. We tested the plasma levels of TGF-β1and VEGF in prostate cancer patients at preoperative and postoperative7d, who were admitted in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital between November2011and December2012by Elisa assay.Results:1. The over-expressed rate of TGF-β1protein was73.68%in cases of prostate cancer tissues,35.00%in benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens. The difference was statistically significant. The over-expressed rates of TGF-β1protein expression in Gleason score2-6points,7points,8-10points were46.15%,57.89%,88.64%respectively, a statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.001). In the group without bone metastases, high TGF-β1expression was60.61%, whereas high TGF-β1expression was83.72%in bone metastasis group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.023). In the PSA group and clinical stage group, the differences have no statistically significant.2.The over-expressed rate of VEGF protein was63.16%in cases of prostate cancer tissues,37.50%in benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.006). The over-expressed of VEGF protein expression in Gleason score2-6points,7points,8-10points were57.14%,40.91%,74.47%respectively and a statistically significant difference among these groups (P<0.05). The high positive expression rates of Clinical stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ, IVstage was57.14%,40.91%,74.47%respectively, a statistically significant difference among these groups (P<0.05). In the group without bone metastases, high expression was46.88%, whereas VEGF high expression was75.00%in bone metastasis group. A significant difference between the groups was detected (P=0.012). In the PSA group, the difference has no statistically significant.3. VEGF expression in prostate cancer was positively correlated with TGF-β1expression (P<0.001). The median PFS in TGF-β1and VEGF high expression group was longer than the low expression group of TGF-β1and VEGF (P=0.015), while the OS was no significant difference between the groups (P=0.07).4. The expression of TGF-β1was decreased in PSA response group whereas TGF-β1level was increased in no PSA response group in three months after cryoablation (P<0.05). The VEGF level was decreased in PSA response group whereas VEGF expression was increased in no PSA response group in three months after cryoablation (P=0.079).Conclusions:1. The TGF-β1protein was over-expressed in prostate cancer, and the expression in Gleason score8-10points group was higher than2-6points. The TGF-β1expression was higher in group with bone metastases than without bone metastases.2. VEGF protein was over-expressed in prostate cancer, and the expression in Gleason score8-10points group was higher than2-6points. The positive expression rate of Clinical stage IV is higher than stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ. And the VEGF expression was higher in group with bone metastases than without bone metastases.3. VEGF expression in prostate cancer was positively correlated with TGF-β1. TGF-β1and VEGF can promote the development and metastasis of prostate cancer synergistically.4. The levels of TGF-β1and VEGF of PSA responses had a distinctly decreased tendency compared to no PSA responses in three months after cryoablation. The changes of TGF-β1and VEGF expression before and after cryoablation may become predictive factors for responding to cryoablation.