Studies On The Anti-inflammatory Constituents And Quality Control Of Solani Melongenae Radix

Solani Melongenae Radix is the root of Solanum melongena L., which is widely distributed in the subtropics and tropics in the world. Solani Melongenae Radix could dispel wind and remove dampness, which has been used for the treatment of chilblains, beriberi, blood in the stool, pruritus, toothache, and so on.Previous phytochemical studies revealed that only a few phenylpropanoid amides, lignans, steroidal glycosides, and other compounds have been isolated from the roots of S. melongena. Pharmacological research suggested that the water extract, decoction, and acidic components of Solani Melongenae Radix have anti-inflammatory activities, whereas the active constituents remain unclear. As for the quality control of Solai Melongenae Radix, only the total contents of acidic components have been reported. However, the methods for the determination of phenylpropanoid amides in Solani Melongenae Radix have never been reported. The stems and leaves of S. melongena are also rich in phenylpropanoid amides, and the fruit pulps and peels have poor levels of this type compounds. In order to clarify the anti-inflammatory effective material basis and action mechanism of Solani Melongenae Radix, and utilize the roots and other parts of S. melongena safely and effectively, a systematical study was conducted on the chemical constituents and biological activities of Solai Melongenae Radix. Meanwhile, the methods for the quality control of each medical part were developed. The results were included:1 Literature reviewResearch on chemical constituents and bioactivities has been reviewed for the different parts of S. melongena. The roots and stems are rich in phenylpropanoid amides, lignans, steroidal glycosides, and sesquiterpenes, while the main components in the fruits are caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and alkaloids. A wide array of pharmacological activities including analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and anticancer have been reported. Phenylpropanoid amides are distributed widely in the plants of Solanaceae family.2 Study on the chemical constituents of the roots of S. melongenaThe chemical constituents of Solani Melongenae Radix were isolated and purified via various chromatographic methods, and the structures of pure compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectrocsopic analysis and physiochemical properties. As a result, thirty-six compounds were isolated from the EtOAc layer of 95% EtOH extract of Solani Melongenae Radix including melongenamide A (1), melongenamide B (2), melongenamide C (3), melongenamide D (4), cannabisin D (5), grossamide (6)、cannabisin F (7), cannabisin G (8), flavifloramide B (9), grossamide K (10), melongenolide A (11), (+)-syringaresinol (12), (+)-lyoniresinol (13),5,5’-dimethoxy-lariciresinol (14),4-hydroxy-3,3’,5’-trimethoxy-8’,9’-dinor-8,4’-oxyneoligna-7,9-dio1-7’-aldehyde (15), kaempferol-3-O-(2",6"-di-O-p-trans-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (16), arjunolic acid (17), vanillic acid (18), scoparone (19), β-sitosterol (20), N-tras-p-coumaroyloctopamine (21), N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine (22), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (23),N-trans-feruloyloctopamine (24),3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl] acrylamide (25),3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl] (26), N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine (27), N-trans-sinapoyltyramine (28), N-trans-sinapoyloctopamine (29), N-trans-caffeoyloctopamine (30), N-trans-p-coumaroylnoradrenline (31), N-trans-feruloylnoradrenline (32), N-cis-feruloyltyramine (33), N-cis-feruloyloctopamine (34), N-cis-p-coumaroyloctopamine (35), and N-cis-feruloylnoradrenline (36). Among them, compounds 1-4, and 11 are new compounds, compounds 29 and 30 are the first report of their natural occurrence. Compounds 5,7-10,13-17,32, and 36 were reported from the genus Solanum for the first time. Compounds 6,18,25,26,31, and 35 were firstly isolated from S. melongena.3 Study on the biological activities of compounds from the roots of S. melongenaBesides the chemical study, the anti-inflammatory activities of some of the isolated compounds were evaluated, according to the traditional usage of Solani Melongenaceae Radix. The results showed that compounds 2-8,12,16,17, and 21-26 exhibited inhibitions of nitric oxide production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages.4 Preparation and identification of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine reference substancesA method for preparation of M-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyl tyramine from Solani Melongenae Radix was established. The purities of both chemicals were over 98.0% with good stability, which satisfy the demands of chemistry of traditional Chinese medicine and could be used for the quality control of Chinese medicine and its preparations which containing phenylpropanoid amides.5 Establishment of quality standard of Solani Melongenaceae RadixThe quality standards of Solani Melongenaceae Radix, which is the new project of standards improvement of TCM for CP2015, were established, including the Description, Identification (microscopic and Thin-Layer Chromatographic), Tests (water content and ash), Extractives, and assay.6 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoid amides in eggplantThe mass fragmentation behaviors of phenylpropanoid amides were proposed using LCMS-IT-TOF, and a total of 37 compounds were detected and tentatively identified in different parts of eggplant. In addition, the simultaneous determination of 10 compounds in 17 batches of Solani Melongenaceae Radix was carried out using liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector.