The Expression Of MTA1 And VEGF-C In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Its Relationship With Clinicopathology And Tumorous Lymphangiogenesis

Background and Purpose: Esophageal cancer is one of the high-incidence malignant tumors all over the world, which is seriously harmful to human health. Its main histological type is esophageal adenocarcinoma in occident and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in our country and Japan at present. At present, the main clinical treatment measures include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine, and so on. However, the situation of prognosis of patients is still unsatisfactory and it can easily infiltrate and transfer. Therefore, it has great significance in determining its pathogenesis and finding new effective diagnostic and treatment methods to research on the corresponding genes that participate in and affect the incidence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MTA1 is the first member to be discovered in the tumor metastasis related to the gene family,researches indicate that MTA1 protein is a subunit of nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase Nu RD. It regulates the state of histone deacetylase and nucleosome by interacting with histone deacetylase HDAC so as to perform its biological functions. Although there are researches on MTA1 in multiple tumors such as gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostatic cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal cancer, these researches are limited to the relation between MTA1 and tumor prognosis or experimental researches of MTA1 and tumor angiogenesis. There are no researches on the relation between MTA1 and tumor micro lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C is a new member of the family of blood vessel endothelium growth factors. It is found by the relevant researches that VEGF-C particpates the lymphangion genesis and lymphatic metastasis of many kinds of malignant tumors, causing the development of the primary tumor and lymphatic metastasis and finally inflencing the prognosis for the patient of tumor. Based upon the current studies of MTA1 and VEGF-C, the task of this study is planned to be researching into the expression of MTA1 and VEGF-C in the esophageal squamous cell cancer and its impacts on the lymphangion genesis of tumors, including issues as detailed as follows:(1) The expression of MTA1 and VEGF-C in the esophageal squamous cell cancer and its relationship with the clinical pathological indicators;(2) The relationship between the expression of MTA1 and VEGF-C in the esophageal squamous cell cancer and the microlymphatic vessel density;(3) Whether there exists a correlation between the expression of MTA1 and that of VEGF-C in the esophageal squamous cell cancer, and whether MTA1 may promote the lymphangion genesis and lymphatic metastasis of tumors in the esophageal squamous cell cancer through adjusting the expression of VEGF-C.Materials and Methods: The data of 107 cases of surgical operation removal of the esphageal squamous cell cancer and 56 cases of paraffin-embedded tissues samples of normal esophagus were collected from the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Central Hospital of Suining City, and the immunohistochemical method was used to test separately the expression of MTA1 and that of VEGF-C in the esophageal squamous cell cancer; The D2-40 antibody was used to mark endothelial cells of the microlymphatic vessels in the tissues of the tumor and measure the lymphatic vessel density(LVD). The statistical analysis adopted SPSS 13.0 statistical software to process the data and used the standard of p< 0.05 for judging whether the results should be statistically significant. The comparison between the average values of the two samples of measurement data adopted the t testing of independent samples. The test of fourfold tables measurement data used the method of 2cand the test of data of more than 3 groups used the H test of Kruskal-Wallis. The test of the correlation between the expression of MTA1 and that of VEGF-C adopted the spearman rank correlation analysis.Results:(1) Of esophageal squamous cell cancer, the high expression rate of MTA1 ]protein is 50.4%, and the high expression rate of VEGF-C]protein is 58.8%, which are significantly higher than that of normal esophageal tissue, the difference is of statistical significance(p<0.05).(2) Of the lymphatic metastasis group, the high expression rate of MTA1 protein and VEGF-C protein are significantly higher than that of the non-lymphatic metastasis group, the difference is of statistical significance(p<0.05); the high expression rate of MTA1 protein and VEGF-C protein of T3/4 group are significantly higher than that of T1/2 group, the difference is of statistical significance(p<0.05).(3) The differences of the high expression rate of MTA1 ]protein and VEGF-C]protein in different TNM of the esophageal squamous cell cancer are of statistical significance(p<0.05), which have been tested by Kruskal-Wallis.(4) The differences from the comparison between the LVD of the MTA1 protein high expression group(15.784±3.874) and LVD of the low expression group(11.550±3.341) of the esophageal squamous cell cancer are of statistical significance(p<0.05). Similarly, the differences from the comparison between the LVD of the VEGF-C protein high expression group(15.333±3.803) and LVD of the low expression group(11.333±3.556) are of statistical significance(p<0.05).(5) There is the positive correlation between the expression intensity of MTA1 protein and VEGF-C protein of the esophageal squamous cell cancer, with the Spearman related coefficient rs =0.512, p=0.000.Conclusion: There are the high expression of MTA1 protein and VEGF-C protein in the esophageal squamous cell cancer, which is increasing along with clinical staging, and their expression rate increase gradually; the expressions of MTA1 protein and VEGF-C protein are closely related to micro lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of the esophageal squamous cell cancer; There is the positive correlation between the expression intensity of MTA1 protein and VEGF-C protein in the esophageal squamous cell cancer. In summary, we speculate that MTA1 may promote micro lymphangiogenesis of the esophageal squamous cell cancer by regulating the expression level of VEGF-C, so as to affect the lymphatic metastasis of the tumor. However, its specific regulation mechanism needs to be verified through further experimental research.