| Objective The aim of this study was to analysis prevalence of smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and nicotine dependence, and to examine both contextual and individual socioeconomic predictors of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among residents aged 18 years and over in Fu Min County of Yunnan Province. The results could serve as a basis to Provide evidence for the local government to push tobacco control measures.Methods Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method was used to select a representative sample of 4275 residents aged 18 years and over from seven townships of Fu Min County. Information related to indicators of smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and nicotine dependence was obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Village and township socioeconomic variables were obtained from bureau of Fu Min County. Chi-square (χ) test was used to compare the difference of smoking and passive smoking among groups. Nicotine dependence was measured by Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to model the influence of socioeconomic factors on prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure.Results A total of 4500 individuals aged≥18 years were asked to participate in this study. Of these,4275 agreed to participate (response rate=95.0%).The overall prevalence rate of smoking is 32.5%, and men had obviously higher prevalence of smoking than women (66.3% vs.0.9%, P<0.01). There was significant different prevalence rate of current smoking among all age groups (P<0.01), the prevalence rate of current smoking was highest in population aged 35-44 years (37.1%) and was lowest in population aged 55-64 years (26.7%). There was significant different prevalence of current smoking among different ethnic groups, and the Han ethnic group had obviously higher than minority group (33.0% vs.20.4%, P<0.01). There was no significant different prevalence rate of current smoking among different level education(P>0.05). There was significant different prevalence of current smoking among different family income groups, and the higher family income groups had obviously higher than lower family income group(37.3%vs.31.4%,P<0.01).Main reasons of smoking were heavy smokers (52.2%) and social needs (39.1%). Filtered cigarette (90.5%) was the most popular form of smoking tobacco among smokers. The average age of smoking initiation was 19.38±5.50 years old, and was 19.33±5.35 for males,23±11.49 for females, respectively. The average amount of daily cigarettes smoking was 17.44±10.16, and was 17.29±10.20 for males,13.59±6.02 for females. There were significant different average amount of daily cigarettes smoking among different gender, level of education, and family income (P<0.05). The average cigarettes of smoking in every day increased with level of education, family (P<0.05). And 79.3% of smokers have no tries to quit smoking, only 20.7% of smokers tried at least one attempt to quit smoking.The prevalence rate of SHS was 40.7%, and 33.7% for males,42.9% for females. There was significant different prevalence rate of SHS among gender, females were higher than males (P<0.01). The prevalence rate of SHS was highest (44.2%) in 45-54 years old and was lowest (25.3%) in≥65 years old. There was different prevalence rate of SHS among all age groups (P<0.01). And there were no different prevalence rate of SHS among different of ethnic groups, level of education, family income (P>0.05). The prevalence rate of exposure to SHS was higher in women (96.3%) than in men (86.9%) for at home, and have significant different prevalence rate of SHS among gender for at home (P<0.01).Among current smokers in Fu Min County of Yunnan Province, the mean score of FTND was 3.87±2.38, and 3.88±2.39 for males,4.05±2.09 for females. The rate of lowest, low, medium, high, and highest nicotine dependence was 30.0%、31.8%、 12.5%,18.9% and 6.9%, respectively. The prevalence rate of high and higher nicotine dependence were the highest (24.2% and 9.6%) among population aged 45-54 years old (P<0.01). The prevalence rate of nicotine dependence decreased with age of first try smoking, whereas increased with amount daily smoking. There was significant different prevalence rate of nicotine dependence among age of first try smoking, different amount daily smoking (P<0.01).Multiple logistic regression analyze showed that age was inversely associated with the probability of smoking and SHS exposure (P<0.01). Individuals with higher educational level (OR 0.629,95% CI 0.483-0.819) and living in a higher educational level county (OR 0.894,95% CI 0.852-0.938) was inversely associated with smoking. Living in a higher educational level county (OR 0.862,95% CI 0.824--0.903) and higher income level county (OR 0.866,95% CI 0.822-0.912) was associated with a lower rate of SHS exposure.Conclusion Tobacco control achieved certain effect in Fu Min County of Yunnan Province, but tobacco exposure condition is not optimistic. It is necessary to strengthen more efforts in tobacco control. Future interventions on tobacco control shouter more focus on males and people with low level of education, and it is essential to strengthen women’s awareness of tobacco hazards and to implement comprehensive smoke-free laws and legislators to protect people from SHS. |
PDF Full Text Request