Comparative Pharmacognosy Of Pyrrosia Petiolosa(Christ) Ching And Pyrrosia Davidii(Baker) Ching And Antibacterial And Anti-inflammatory Activities Of Extracts From Pyrrosia Petiolosa

Objective: To compare pharmacognosy of P. petiolosa and P. davidii and to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract and fractions of P. Petiolosa. Method: To compare pharmacognosy of P. petiolosa and P. davidii, including plant morphology, microscopic characteristics, physico-chemical parameters, UV and IR spectrum, and HPLC fingerprint. The ethanol extract from the powdered aerial parts of P. petiolosa were extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous. Qualitative phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis were performed in the extract and fractions. The agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were employed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the extract and fractions. The anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema. The in vitro cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assay. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenols and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis revealed the highest content of chlorogenic acid, luteolin and total flavonoid in extract. Antibacterial results showed petroleum ether fraction and n-butanol fraction inhibited all the tested microorganisms with the maximum inhibition zone of 15.25±0.35 mm. Ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited good antibacterial activity except Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, while extract and aqueous fraction inhibited 8 out of 13(61.5%) of the tested microorganisms. The MIC values of extract and fractions ranged from 2.5 to 10.0 mg·mL-1 and the MBC values were twice as high as the corresponding MIC values. In anti-inflammatory experiment, extract could effectively inhibited the xylene-induced mouse edema. The in vitro cytotoxicity showed the extract and fractions exhibited non-toxic or low toxic activity against lung cancer cell A549 and mouse spleen cells. Conclusions: It was revealed that the two herbs can be identified by some characteristics of pharmacognosy. The present study contributes to the standardization and verification of these medicinal materials. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activities and cytotoxicity of P. petiolosa in the present study provided the information that this medicinal plant could be a potential candidate for future development of a novel antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.