| People in the car, ship, aircraft, spacecraft and other transportation vehicle, often produce acceleration stimulation, when shifting stimulus intensity and time to a certain extent, people or animal will appear a series of autonomic nervous system disorder, like dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pale, cold sweat, this is the motion sickness. When in a simulator stimulation, experimental animals, such as rat, may suffer motion sickness, appearing independent activity decreased, walking instability, piloerection, tremor, micturition and defecation increased or other symptoms. When motion sickness occurs, the related hormones and neurotransmitters in peripheral blood will be changed, in addition to showing a series of behavioral symptoms of motion sickness. The completed vestibular system is necessary for motion sickness. The incidence of motion sickness is high, about 20%~30% of the people have suffered severe motion sickness, about 90% of the people have experienced various degrees of motion sickness. Motion sickness have a great influence on people’s daily life, especially for soldiers who fight on boat or an astronaut, motion sickness is greatly undermine their ability and strain capacity. So finding an effective countermeasure of motion sickness is one of the hightlights in scientific research in the medical, military and aerospace. At present, the most effective method of treating and preventing motion sickness is adaptive training and anti-motion sickness drugs. The commonly used anti-motion sickness drugs mainly include anticholinergics, antihistamines, sympathetic medicine, stomach medicine, etc, but these drugs may produce more or less side effects, aren’t suitable for long-term use. Therefore developing an anti-motion sickness drug, which is highly efficientive and with no side effects, is an urgent problem to solve in military, medical, aerospace business. It was found that the polysaccharides from chroogomphis rutilus had a certain effect of resisting motion sickness, its effect on preventing motion sickness even better than scopolamine, and no side effects was found. So they had a prospect of development as anti-motion sickness drug. But the polysaccharides extraction process from the chroogomphis rutilus was complex, the production cost was high, it was not suitable for mass production. If the effective monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide to prevent motion sickness can be find, that will give a great convenience for chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharide’s use for anti-motion sickness. The role of this study was mainly to determine the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide from chroogomphis rutilus, and to detect whether the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide was effective to motion sickness.The three part of the experiment has been carried out in this study. The first part was to analysis the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide from chroogomphis rutilus. Using the method of gas chromatography, the standard monosaccharides and the hydrolysis elements of polysaccharide has been compared to determine the monosaccharide types of polysaccharide and content of every monosaccharide. The second part, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides and scopolamine had been compared for the role of behavior in the rat model of motion sickness. The animals were divided into five groups, which were blank control group, control group, polysaccharide group, the monosaccharide group and the scopolamine group. Rats in the blank control group did’t accept rotation stimulation, and were given the 10 ml/kg dose of distilled water inside the stomach. The control group, the polysaccharide from chroogomphis rutilus group, the monosaccharide group and scopolamine group rats received 2 h rotation stimulation, and were given distilled water(10 ml/kg), chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides(10 ml/kg solution;dose 200 mg/kg), mixed monosaccharide together according to the proportion of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides(10 ml/kg solution; each monosaccharide’s dose is: arabinose 1.50 mg/kg, mannose 2.18 mg/kg, galactose 7.32 mg/kg, glucose 53.34 mg/kg)and scopolamine(10 ml/kg solution;dose 1.00 mg/kg) inside stomach respectively before rotating stimulus. Detection methods included MS index and open field experiment(accumulate points, modification time, frequency and retention time). In the third part, the level of hormones and neurotransmitters in blood among the five groups was compared. The grouping and the treatment method of the rat was the same with the second part of the experiment. After the rotation stimulation, the blood was taken immediately after anesthesia, and then the blood was centrifuged to get the serum. The content of 5-HT, acetylcholine, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and antidiuretic in serum was detected by ELISA kits. All the experimental results were analysed with SPSS 13.0 for One-Way ANOVA. The significant differences in standard is P<0.05.The results were as follows:1. The results of gas chromatography showed that the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from chroogomphis rutilus were arabinose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and the content of above monosaccharide in proportion were 0.75%, 1.09%, 26.67% and 3.66% respectively.2. After rotation, the independent activity of the rats in control group was decreased obviously, and the motion sickness symptom was serious such as standing hair, tremor and micturition significantly, comparing with blank control group.3. The MS index in the group of polysaccharides from chroogomphis rutilus and scopolamine were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01), however the group of monosaccharide was no difference with the blank control group(P >0.05).4. The score of open field test in the group of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides was higher than that of control group, and the modification time was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). The score of open field test in the group of monosaccharide had no difference with control group(P>0.05), the modification time and frequency was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). The score of open field test in the group of scopolamine was higher than that of control group, the modification time and retention time had no difference with the control group(P>0.05), the modification frequency had no significantly difference with the blank group(P>0.05).5. After rotating stimulus, the level of 5-HT, acetylcholine, adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone in serum of control group were significantly increased(P<0.01) compared with the blank control group. Compared with control group, the level of 5-HT in serum of the chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides group was decreased(P<0.01), acetylcholine in serum of the chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides group was significantly decreased(P<0.01). However, the level of 5-HT, acetylcholine and adrenocorticotropic hormone in serum of monosaccharide group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.01), and the antidiuretic hormone had no difference with the control group(P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of 5-HT of scopolamine group was significantly decreased(P<0.01), the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased(P<0.01), adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone in serum had no significantly difference with control group(P<0.01).According to the results, the conclusions were summarized as following.:1. The monosaccharide composition of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides were arabinose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and the content of above monosaccharide in proportion were 0.75%, 1.09%, 26.67% and 3.66% respectively.2. The effect of Chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides on anti-motion sickness was better than scopolamine. Because there was central inhibition at a certain degree after treatment of scopolamine. The effect of monosaccharide from the chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides on anti-motion sickness was not obvious.3. The level of 5-HT and acetylcholine in serum of motion sickness rats could be stabilized by Chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides, but there was no effect after treatment with monosaccharide composition of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides. The level of 5-HT in serum of motion sickness rats was stabilized by scopolamine.The results have shown that the effect of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides on anti-motion sickness in rat was better than that of scopolamine, and no side effects were found. But there was no significant effect on the anti-motion sickness by treatment with the monosaccharide composition of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharides. The effective components of chroogomphis rutilus polysaccharide for anti-motion sickness and mechanism of anti-motion sickness are still needed for future research. |
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