A Study On The Health Management Of The Elderly In Chongqing Based On The Basic Public Health Service

Objective: To understand health behaviors,such as smoking,alcohol-use,diet and physical activity among old people so as to provide suggestion for health management model of the old people.Methods: Multi stage random sampling method was used to select 14400 residents aged 65 years old and above.These residents were from 24 different districts in Chongqing.Every year,the questionnaire was filled and physical examinations were done.Data input entered into Epidata 3.1,and analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Difference of smoking,alcohol use,eating habits, physical activity and so on was compared by Chi—square test.Results: A total of 13801 residents were interviewed. From 2011 to 2013,the rate of balanced diet was increased(P<0.001). The rate of balanced diet is higher in 2012 than that in 2011(90.4% vs 89.2%,P<0.01). The rate of balanced diet is higher in 2013 than that in 2012(91.5% vs 90.4%, P<0.01). From 2011 to 2013,the rate of halophilic was decreased(P<0.001). The rate of halophilic is lower in 2012 than that in 2011(6.9% vs 8.0%,P<0.001). The rate of halophilic is lower in 2013 than that in 2012(5.9% vs 6.9%,P<0.001). From 2011 to 2013,the rate of smoking was decreased(P<0.001).The rate of smoking is lower in 2012 than that in 2011(18.3% vs 20.1%,P<0.001).The rate of smoking is lower in 2013 than that in 2012(18.1% vs 18.3%,P>0.05).From 2011 to 2013,the rate of alcohol-use was decreased(P<0.001).The rate of alcohol-use is lower in 2012 than that in 2011(18.1% vs 20.1%,P<0.001).The rate of alcohol-use is lower in 2013 than that in 2012(16.9% vs 18.1%,P<0.01).From 2011 to 2013,more and more old people reached the standards of physical training(P<0.001).The elderly reached the standards of physical training in 2012 more than that in 2011(18.5% vs 15.6%,P<0.001).The elderly reached the standards of physical training in 2013 more than that in 2012(19.9% vs 18.5%,P<0.01).From 2011 to 2013,the rate of health satisfaction was increased(P<0.001).The rate of daily activity limitation was increased(P<0.001).The rate of cognitive impairment was increased(P<0.05).The rate of depression was increased(P<0.05).From 2011 to 2013,the rate of overweight was increased(P<0.001).The rate of obesity was increased(P<0.01).The prevalence of hypertension was increased(P<0.01).The hypertension awareness was increased(P<0.01).The rate of hypertension treatment was increased(P<0.001).The prevalence of diabetes was increased(P<0.01).The diabetes awareness was increased(P<0.01).The rate of diabetes treatment was increased(P<0.001).The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was increased(P<0.001).The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was increased(P<0.001).The prevalence of high LDL hyperlipidemia was increased(P<0.001).The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia(P<0.001).Conclusions: We found that the poor diet,smoking, drinking, lack of exercise and unhealthy living habits after the standardized management of the elderly have significantly improved.The prevention and control effect of overweight and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia has not reached the ideal state. However, the awareness rate and treatment rate of hypertension and diabetes were effectively improved. This study suggests that the prevention and intervention measures should be taken according to the characteristics of the elderly. We should continue to carry out health management and summarize experience in practice to improve the management content, reducing the incidence of chronic diseases.