| Objectives1. To design a reliable and valid scale to measure the social public's belief of health lifestyle based on the health belief model(HBM).2. To evaluate the status of the social public's lifestyle behaviors and health beliefs.3. To investigate the influencing factors of health beliefs and lifestyle behaviors and the effect of health beliefs on lifestyle behaviors with structural equation model.MethodsThe social public's belief of lifestyle behaviors scale was developed theoretically based on the framework of health belief model. An online survey engine(wenjuan.com) was used to collect data. Using a convenience sampling strategy, 5332 responders were recruited. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the social public's demographic characteristics, status of lifestyle behaviors and level of health belief. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between social public's demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors and health belief. Amos 20.0 was used to build the structural equation model predicting the social public's lifestyle behaviors based on HBM.Results1. A total of 5332 effective questionnaires were obtained. The mean age of the participants was 39.81±10.43 years, 88.0% aged from 24 to 54(N=4693). 58.8% of the responders were female and 41.2% were male. Most of them had got married(80.8%) and a majority of them had a college degree or above(N=4144, 77.7%). 64.2% of the responders lived in the city and 69.2% were self-reported healthy(N=3689).2. The mean score of the responders' lifestyle behaviors was 41.27±6.01 and the scoring percentage was 64.48%. Several behaviors often co-occurred with each other. The mean score of health beliefs was 98.61±9.00, and the scoring percentage was 75.85%. Of the six dimension of HBM, the mean score of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy were 12.58±1.90, 20.88±3.31, 19.52±5.28, 18.20±2.00, 15.99±2.22 and 11.41±2.03 respectively.3. The result of multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis suggested that the demographic characteristics including age, gender, health condition, retirement, financial situation, living alone, medical insurance and studentship were the influencing factors of lifestyle behaviors. The financial situation, education level, age,health condition, gender, living in rural area and medical insurance had effects on one's health belief level.4. The structural equation model based on the HBM can explain 51.3% of the variance of lifestyle behaviors. Perceived barriers affected lifestyle behaviors most(standardized coefficient=-0.603), had a direct effect and indirect effect through self-efficacy and cues to action. Both self-efficacy(standardized coefficient=0.371) and perceived benefits(standardized coefficient=0.273) had a positive effect on lifestyle behaviors. Cues to action affected lifestyle behaviors directly(standardized coefficient=0.119). Both perceived susceptibility and perceived severity had negatively small influence on lifestyle behaviors and the standardized coefficients were-0.158 and 0.051 respectively.Conclusions1. The social public's health belief and lifestyle behaviors scale designed based on HBM was proved reliable and valid.2. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were common among the social public and several behaviors often co-occurred with each other. Health education must be strengthened to help people to stop smoking, limit alcohol, keep psychological balance, eat sensibly, exercise regularly and prevent the chronic diseases.3. The health belief level of the social public must be improved. Health education must be carried out to raise their awareness of to NCDs, enhance their cognition of the serious consequences of NCDs and convince them that healthy lifestyle will bring benefits, and help them correctly treat the difficulties with developing good behaviors and build self-confidence. We should give them correct behavior guidance so as to promote health.4. Lifestyle behaviors were influenced by many factors and health belief can play an important role. Health education has to be targeted for different individuals.Objectives1. To evaluate the status of antihypertensive therapy related beliefs in hypertensive patients and normotensive population.2. To analyze the influencing factors of antihypertensive therapy related beliefs in participants.3. To investigate the effect of disease status on antihypertensive therapy related beliefs.MethodsUsing a convenience sampling strategy, a face to face questionnaire investigation was conducted to recruit participants from community health service centers or hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the participants' demographic characteristics and level of antihypertensive therapy related beliefs. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of antihypertensive therapy related beliefs.Results1. A total of 457 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the participants was 61.58±14.11. 147 participants were self-reported normotensive and 310 participants were diagnosed with hypertension.2. The mean score of antihypertensive therapy related beliefs of the total participants were77.52±15.59,accounting for 73.8%. The hypertensive patients had a higher level of beliefs compared to the normotensive population with a mean score of 74.33±12.71 versus 79.00±16.58,p<0.01.3. The result of multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between disease status(?=0.188,P<0.001),education level(?=0.138,P<0.01),retirement status(?=0.132,P<0.01) and the antihypertensive therapy related beliefs.Conclusions1. It showed a middle level of beliefs among those participants, which had a negative impact on the prevention and treatment of diseases not matter among hypertensive or normotensive.2. The level of beliefs varied with different demographic characteristics. Health education should base on the improvement of educational level.3. The hypertensive patients had a higher level of beliefs compared to the normotensive population, indicating that the hypertensive patients didn't pay attention to the health or disease until they develop disease. However, the level of beliefs didn't improve in time and dramatically. It was necessary to lead people to strengthen the consciousness of self-management. |
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