The Experimental Study On Explicit And Implicit Attitude Of College Students Towards People With Disability

Public negative attitudes toward the people with disabilities started from thousands of years ago,this "invisible barriers" has a large effect on the persons with disabilities in their living, education, employment opportunities and community integration.The attitudes toward people with disabilities have been being one of the fields of developmental and educational psychology, social Psychology, special Education and medical rehabilitation field. In this study, we review systematically related attitude theories and methods to measure attitude toward persons with disabilities from Domestic and overseas first, then use the standard paradigm of the implicit attitude measurement to test college students’s implicit attitude toward persons with disabilities, with the use of the SADP, the IDP Scale to measure students’s explicit attitude toward persons with disabilities. Try to explore the explanation of the relationship between implicit attitude and explicit attitude, and analyze the factors which influence the attitudes toward persons with disabilities.The study is divided into six parts:In the first part,sort out the researches about persons with disabilities from domestic and foreign and take them as the theoretical background of this study.These tasks include to definite the concept of attitude, structure of attitude and search the measurement techniques of attitude firstly; secondly, gave the definition of "people with disabilities", summarized the measurement methods about the attitude toward people with disabilities and the impact factors of the attitude toward people with disabilities.In the second part, put forward the concept of this study and design of this research after analyzed the inadequacies of previous studies;In the third part, carry out the implicit association experiment in college students to measure their implicit attitudes toward persons with disabilities, use The Scale of Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons (SADP) and The Interaction With disabled Persons Scale (IDP) investigated the status of college students explicit attitudes toward persons with disabilities;In the fourth part, analyzed the datas from experiment and scales that involve the findings of implicit attitudes and explicit attitudes and relationship between them, in addition to the impact factor data;In the five part, compared the results of this study to some past related researches, discussed the statuses of implicit and explicit attitudes of the college student’s and the factors that affect these attitudes.In the six part, through the analysis of experimental data obtained the following main conclusions:(1)College student have a negative implicit attitudes toward people with disabilities, while their performances were diffirent in the explicit attitude:they showed a more positive attitude on the SADP scale, but they performed a high degree discomfort on the IDP scale. (2) There is a low correlation between college students’s implicit attitude and explicit attitude, thisresult suggested that the implicit attitude and explict attitudes of college student with differentpsychological structure.This conclusion support the assumptions of explicit-implicit attitude separationtheory;(3) The implicit attitude toward people with disabilities of the college students have nodiffirence in their gender. When it comes to the majors and grade of the students,the attitude of thescience students toward persons with disabilities is better than students of liberal arts on IDP Scale,thefreshman are more positive on SADP Scale than the junior and senior.（4）The social expentaney of college students have a significantly effect on the explicit attitudeof persons with disabilities, but had no effect on their implicit attitude.College students have littleknowledge about persons with disabilities, and they have much misunderstanding about persons withdisabilities.Some datas of the result can explan these phenomenons:students who whether take specialeducation program as an elective course and the depth of contect,contact frequency of them withdisabilities had no significant effect on students attitudes toward persons with disabilities.(5)The attitude of college student toward people with disabilities who with serious damage intheir body functions and who with obvious disabilities in their appearances (such as persons withvisual disability) is more positive than people with diabilities who have no obvious physicalcharacteristics in their appearances (such as persons with schizophrenia).