The Miner Groups Of Yunnan Copper Industry In Mid And Late Qing Dynasty

In mid and late Qing dynasty, Yunnan copper industry was the mostimportant and one of the largest production career in China, many practitionersmade a living in it. The author thinks that analysis the development process andproblems of the copper industry in this period needs to pay some attentions tothe miner groups.The first chapter discusses the reasons for the formation of the miner groupsand their organization mode of operation; The second chapter is the focus of thisarticle, it mainly discusses the living condition and management measures of theminer groups. The third chapter analyzes the social relations of them.The research indicates that the miner groups are numerous and the internaldivision of labors becomes more professional, the mode of operation is morediverse than before. Their life style has a clear industry characteristics and themotivation does not limit to economic interests drive. On the management side,not only have the official close supervision, the miner groups also have theirown internal constraints approach. In a long period, the miner groups bring aprofound influence to local society. The relationship between officials andbusinessmen is more complex in this industry, it reflects the importantcharacteristics of China market economy.