| In the beginning of the20th century, Xu Songshi(1899—1999) and Luo Xianglin(1906—1978) took history as a mirror. Under the new historical trend of academic background they were focused on ethnic historiography. Their new understanding of diversity in unity of the Chinese nation and national thought by inheriting and inspiring which provided an important power of thought on the national equality, national unity and frontier constructionThis article mainly uses the method of academic ideology and carries out the study to make a deep analysis on the ethnic historiography research of two people. Basing on this, the paper discusses the two person’s ethnic historical orientation and thoughts. This paper includes the following seven parts.The introduction part mainly presents the cause of the selected topic and significance, this paper reviews the research situation of their ethnic history, research way forward and the design idea.The first part briefly examines the two people’s family background and early education, explores the origin and development of their ethnic historiography and the research characteristics, Generally speaking, two people are deeply affected by the traditional family education, had solid foundation of Ancient Chinese Literature Search, and inherited the fine tradition. Though both Hakka people, Mr. Xu was born in a mixed family of Hakka and Zhuang race in Guangxi, inherited the good family tradition. Mr. Xu had especial interest in Miao、Yao and Zhuang races of the Lingnan place at the earliest, and took the Lingnan minority nationalities as the starting point of his ethnic study. Mr. Luo lived in localized areas of Guangdong Hakka for generations, affected by traditional Hakka family of the philistines. Mr. Luo had strong emotion and desire to explore the Hakka people when he was young, then it became the beginning of his study. Later Mr. Xu entered the social education department of Shanghai Hujiang University. Mr. Luo went to Beijing and studied in history department of Tsinghua University. The educational goal of private church university with the Christian complex, and the ideas of national university with a fusion of Chinese and western academic and well versed in ancient and modern branded them with the different imprinting on the road of the academic development. Modern western knowledge and Chinese New historiography had different effects on academic methods and thoughts of two people. They focused on the theory and method of Huntington and other western scholars at the same time, and also focused on each other, two people became academic friends at last.The second part discusses the main objects of their ethnic history research, shows the similarities and differences in their academic achievement, and their academic values. Firstly in the history of the Chinese nation study, they insisted that the Chinese races originated in China, and had common blood, Hua Yi distinction was due to cultural differences, and there was no pure Han Chinese. Mr. Xu thought that after the war between Yan and Huang, Huang Di tribe made the Central Plains culture more superior, which became the core of the Chinese nation’s culture, in the face of South Han’s culture which was relatively backward North Han formed the concept of Hua and yi. Mr. Luo argued that, in xia dynasty China had a national organization and consciousness of the Chinese nation, and this kind of organizations and awareness failed to spread to the border areas, which caused a cultural geographical differences, this was the beginning of the concept of Hua Yi.Secondly, in the south ethnic study, North and South ethnic migration and cultural evolution studies and so on, two people had their methods and academic opinion. Xu’s perspective of ethnic research, was from the Yue Jiang basin extending to Southeast Asia, South and North America and the Pacific, which communicated Chinese and foreign, and was strong in the space extension; and Mr. Luo started from the investigation of Guangdong people, traced back to the ancient yue race, crossed old to nowadays, which was best in exploration of time. Comparing to two people’s related research results, we can be seen, two people agreed that the Miao and Yao may be homologous, and shared the same idea on the origin of the Zhuang. They both focused on the ethnic of Southeast Asia which had Chinese blood. Although their name was different, which Mr. Xu called the generalized Zhuang race and Mr. Luo called Yue’s descendants, they mainly included the same races. In the study of the word "Yue", Mr. Xu started from the meaning and sound, and Mr. Luo begun with glyph. Mr. Xu thought Yue was one of the southern Han, Mr. Luo said Yue was one branch of Xia.Finally on the source of Hakka, Mr. Xu focused on the relationship between the Hakka and their southern ancestor Yue, he thought Hakka’s blood was relatively complex. They had seed of the central plains, descendants of Wu、Yue、Chu and Shan Yue、Cang Wu. Emphasizing on the genealogical research Mr. Luo verified that the formation of Hakka was related to the northern Han’s five times migration in the history. Mr. Luo thought Hakka only had blood mixture with She. At present, the academic circles accepted the Hakka’s multiple mixed said of Mr. Xu, and Mr. Luo’s viewpoint that Hakka’s main source came from the central plain was also supported by the academic circles.The third part analyzes and compares the two people’s "Zhuang outstanding" and "Hakka essence" and shows their different nationalism. From ethnic blood, language, customs, culture and history contribution, etc., Mr. Xu and Mr. Luo demonstrated their points of views. They praised two different ethnic groups, but their purpose of putting the "excellent" and "essence", was not to lie in redrawing the national level, but to change people’s traditional view, enhance national self-confidence, strengthening national unity, and then made a contribution to the construction of China nation.The fourth part carries on the comparison to their ethnic historiography thought, in common, they both were influenced by Confucian view and they supported the "five-nationality unity for a republic". Mr. Xu agreed Confucius’ s point of view that it was the cultural differences which distinguished the Hua and Yi, and the difference of civil education made the different characters of northern and southern people. Mr. Xu called southwest races "general Han", advocated the ethnic policy of Lingnan people governing the Lingnan. Mr. Luo advocated national coexistence and fusion. He thought that it was the policy of Zhou dynasty promoted the fusion of the Chinese people, and praised that it was Confucianism which maintained the stability of the country, and the idea of "honor the king and drive off the barbarians" and scholar-bureaucrat spirit, guaranteed the Han race’s continuity. In this context, the frontier ethnic migration and established a regime was "finding their origin", and the internal expansion process of the Chinese nation. So Mr. Luo also supported "five-nationality unity for a republic", and advocated national coexistence and integration.The difference is that Mr. Xu stood on the position of lingnan nation and thought that in history Lingnan local culture had not been annihilated by foreign culture, so Mr. Xu emphasized to keep national personality. Mr. Luo emphasized that the fusion of mainland people between north and south tribal was main way to guide ethnic minorities to find their origin of Chinese nation. Mr. Luo’ s concept was with orthodoxy centered on the mainland.The fifth part discusses the influence of their ethnic historiography. They created substantial academic achievements, supported the discipline construction of Chinese modern national history, had the certain modern value. Their original academic thoughts impacted up to now.The concluding remarks summarize the main content of the full text. |
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