The Influences Of Pride On Different Groups Helping Behavior:the Moderating Effect Of Empathy

Individuals will be pride when they attribute an achievement or a breakthrough to their own efforts or ability. Pride is a common "self-conscious" emotion, to motivate people pursuit power, to yearn for the social status, to feel good about oneself and social group. Researchers suggest that pride is not a single dimension of psychological structure, according to the different way of attribution is divided into authentic pride and hubristic pride. When individual due achievement events to internal, unstable and controllable reasons, he is characterized as authentic pride (such as, I succeeded because of my hard work). Individual event the success to internal, stable, uncontrollable reason, he is characterized as hubristic pride (such as, I succeeded because I am talented).Throughout the past researches about pride and pro-social behavior, I realize there are conflicting conclusions among some scholars. Those support two-dimensional pride theory research suggest that authentic pride is associated with positive personality and pro-social behavior, while hubristic pride is associated with negative personality and anti-social behavior. Maarten and David (2012) show that relative to the hubristic pride, authentic pride individuals have more prosocial performance. Those does not accept pride as two-dimensional theory finding that, pride promote individuals make more positive performance in achievement field and pro-social behavior, denied the negative aspects of pride. Research has shown that pride of two dimension significant differences of stigmatized group evaluation, authentic pride individuals hold positive attitude to stigmatized group, while hubristic pride individuals hold negative attitude to stigmatized group, and empathy to authentic pride individuals have more positive evaluation on stigmatized group. Studies have confirmed that pride promote organization leaders have more helping behavior, but is not defined pride as a two-dimensional structure.This study explored the influence of authentic pride and hubristic pride on different groups helping behavior, and the role of state empathy between them. Experiment 1: Investigated the influence of pride on different groups (stigmatized group and non- stigmatized group) helping behavior. Participants were induced by imagine scenarios task to elicit different types of pride experiences, and pride scale tested the effectiveness of the emotion elicitation, then discussed the authentic pride, hubristic pride, and control participants’helping behavior on different groups. Experiment 2:Studies have confirmed that close relationship between trait empathy and helping behavior (including volunteering, charity donation and blood donation, etc), so regarded the trait empathy as control variables, discussed the induced state empathy individuals’and non-induced individuals’helping behavior differences on different groups. Imagine scenarios task same as experimentl, and pride scale tested the effectiveness of the emotion induced. Watching video material induced participants’state empathy and empathy response scale were used to measure the induced state empathy. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C scale measured trait empathy, dependent variable measured by self-designed helping behavior questionnaire.The results show that:(1) The difference among authentic pride group, hubristic pride group and control group the baseline values of pride (pretest) is not significant. Contrast between the pretest data and the posttest data shows that scenario imagine tasks effectively induce the hubristic pride and authentic pride, control group have no significant difference, so the effect of emotion elicitation is remarkable.(2)There is a significant interaction between pride and the group types, the authentic pride and hubristic pride helping behavior on different groups exist significant differences. Mainly reflected in, for helping behavior of stigmatized group, hubristic pride participants is significantly less than authentic pride participants. For helping behavior of the non-stigmatized group, there is no significant difference among the authentic pride group and hubristic pride. Authentic pride participants do more to help stigmatized group, while hubristic pride participants give less help to stigmatized groups.(3) The interaction of pride, the types of group and the state empathy is significant difference. The state empathy play a moderating role between pride and helping behavior. Simple effect analysis shows that for authentic pride group, the state empathy promote participants giving more helping behavior to stigmatized group; for hubristic pride participants, the state empathy does not affect their helping behavior on stigmatized group.