| Gender role plays basic and important role in individual life. As an important part in individual social development, it is always the focus in communities. The development of gender roles not only reflects social changes, but also is an important part of personal growth. The development of gender roles types will have influence on every aspects of individuals. To know the development of gender roles of students in junior high school will not only be benefit to sex education, but also to students personality development. To promote the development of gender roles can meet the biological characteristics of gender itself and at the same time to meet the expectation and needs of society. This study is to discuss the relationship of development of gender roles between social behavior and maternal parenting.The study used some kinds of questionnaire surveys to explore the situation of the gender roles and to analysis the forecasts of maternal parenting for students’ relationship and social behavior in different gender roles. The results were as follow: 1.Students of undifferentiated gender role types accounted for the largest proportion in junior high school, then were androgynous, masculin e and feminine. Traditional gender roles(masculine and feminine type) had given place to untraditional gender roles(androgynous and undifferentiated). The numbers of androgynous and the undifferentiated gender roles were growing. Androgynous was the development trend of gender roles, but undifferentiated phenomenon was common, too. 2.Genders will cause difference in gender role types. The feminine in boys were significantly lower than the other three types, there was no significant differences between undifferentiated and androgynous. The masculine in girls were significantly lower than the other three types. There were significant differences between the feminine in girls and androgynous, undifferentiated. 3.The distrubition of gender role types were different between grades and genders. The percentage of androgynous in boys was higher than undifferentiated in Grade Six to Grade Eight, but the number of the undifferentiated students in Grade Nine was higher than that of the androgynous ones. The number of feminine and masculine increased with grades. The percentage of androgynous in girls was higher than undifferentiated in Grade Six and Grade Seven, but the number of the undifferentiated in Grade Eight and Grade Nine were higher than the androgynous. There were no significant differences in gender role types among boys and girls in four grades. 4.There were significant differences in social withdrawal, being bullied, physical attraction and social abilities between gender roles types. The androgynous h ad less social withdrawal, not easily bullied, and stronger social abilities. The undifferentiated had more social withdrawal, more easily bullied, poor social abilities. 5.Maternal parenting has close influence to students’ social withdrawal and peer relation. Maternal parenting could predicted differently their children’s social behavior and peer relationship for different gender role types. Maternal warmth could reduce the physical attack in feminine and enhance the androgynous’ social abilities. Maternal encouragement of self-direction and social participation could enhance the social abilities of the undifferentiated.In a word, the traditional gender roles in junior high school in Shanghai had changed, junior high school students of different gender role types had differences in peer relationship and social behavior, and maternal parenting could predict the students’ peer relationship and social behavior. |
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