On The Acquisition Of Jianyu Construction In Mandarin Chinese By The Foreign Students

The Jianyu construction is a special and important sentence of Mandarin Chinese. So it is an important grammar point of Chinese language study. In recent years, some researchers use Transformational-generative grammar to analyze it. Many difficult problems are solved. On the basis of the current researches, This paper will use the language theory of Chomsky to analyze Jianyu construction. Except this, we will use the acquisition sequence theory to indicate how do the students of Chinese characters cultural circle and non-Chinese characters cultural circle learn Jianyu construction.This paper think that Jianyu construction is consists of one main clause "N1+V1+N2 " and a subordinate clause "An empty category+V2". The predicate word of Jianyu construction indicates the action of the real world and happen in the current. The predicate can express the follow meanings:"Zhishi" "Mingling" "Yaoqiu" "Yinpei" "Baobian" "Chenghu Xuanding" "Youwu".The second verbal phrase cannot express the complete meaning. It is an infinitive sentence. There can be no aspect components or it can be appear with "le""guo", but "zhe" can’t follow after it. The second verbal phrase can be the result of predicate, the state of objective existence, the purpose of predicate or the reason of predicate. According to the temporal hypothesis of Martin, we can judge the tense of the second verbal phrase from the perspective of semantics. When it indicates the result of the predicate or the state of objective existence, it has non-tense. When it indicates the purpose of predicate or the reason of predicate, it has tense.Beside, Jianyu can exist in Jianyu construction. It is consists of "a noun+an empty category". The empty category have two forms:PRO or the t that exists after the copy of determiner phrase. In anaphoric relations, when the empty category is PRO, it can be coreference of N2 or N1+N2. When the empty category is t, it must be coreference of N2.Every part of Jianyu construction influences each other. The meaning of the predicate determines the meaning of second verbal phrase. The logical relations of the second verbal phrase and the predicate determines the tense of the second verbal phrase. The feature of the second verbal phrase determines the empty subject category.The survey of "The HSK Dynamic composition corpus" indicates that the Jianyu construction of "Shiling type" is used mostly by the students of Chinese Character cultural circle and non-Character cultural circle. They also use the Jianyu construction of Aihen type, Yinpei type, Chenghu Xuanding type. There is no Jianyu construction of Youwu type in "The HSK Dynamic composition corpus". When the empty category is PRO, the acquisition sequence of the two cultural circles is from "Shiling type" to "Aihen type", then is "Yinpei type" When the empty category is t, the acquisition sequence of Chinese Character cultural circle is from "Shiling type" to "Chenghu Xuanding type". While the non-Chinese characters cultural circle just learn "Shiling type". There are four reasons of the acquisition sequence:difficulty of Jianyu construction, different Jianyu construction have different communicative function, Chinese vocabulary, the impact of the learning environment and the function of usage.The error analysis of the "HSK Dynamic composition corpus" indicates that there are four types of foreign students:misuse of N1; error of V1; fault sequence and Sentence hybridity. The main reason of these errors is mother tongue influence of foreign students, foreign students’ communication strategy, difficulty of Chinese grammar.The compiling textbook of Chinese course of Jianyu construction has some problems:the type of Jianyu construction in the text is single, exercise arrangements for students about how to use Jianyu construction is lacked. So we put forward some advises towards the relevant questions. There should be some exercise arrangements of Jianyu construction for students. There should be some introductions for other types of Jianyu construction.