| Facial recognition refers to the ability of recognizing face accurately and identifying facial expressions correctly. Two underlying cognitive mechanisms included:secondary configuration processing mode and the holistic processing mode. The secondary configuration processing mode mainly refers to the space structural relationship among face’s main characteristics, while the holistic processing mode refers to all features of the facial integration, which processes by the gestalt style instead of simple collection of characteristics. Cognitive reserve, as a concept of great significance, is defined to make up for the increasing brain damage by neural network. It can buffer the brain pathology’s crippling effect on the clinical manifestations, help individuals successfully deal with the brain pathology, guarantee the best performance in clinical manifestations or behavior. Cognitive functions refers to the ability of processing, restoring, and retriving the imformation in human people’s brain.Existing evidence suggests that there is relationship between cognitive function and face recognition,due to the aging of general cognitive functions such as the processing speed,working memory, the secondary configuration processing mechanism was damaged and facial recognition ability of the elder was also affected. It has been confirmed in many studies that cognitive reserve protects cognitive ability or operation,. Therefore, there may be a relationship between the cognitive reserve and face recognition. Study shows that face recogniton is closely related to the secondary configuration processing and the holistic processing, that is, the higher of the level of secondary configuration processing, the better of the face recognition, the higher of the level of holistic processing, the better of the face recognition. At the same time, studies have shown that cognitive reserve can affect the level of the holistic processing of faces, it suggests that there may be a ralationship between cognitive reserve and the way of face processing. It does not only show that there may exist relation between the cognitive reserve and face recognition; but also show that the cognitive function and the way of face processing (secondary configuration, holistic processing) may play a mediating role between cognitive reserve and face recognition.In conclusion, this study attempts to explore whether cognitive reserve can predict the face recognition ability in the elder, whether the cognitive function and face processing way are mediation variables between cognitive reserve and face recognition, analysis the relationship and the mechanism among cognitive reserve, face recognition, and cognitive function and face recognition way. The paper involves two studies adopting a combination of the questionnaire and experimental procedures to study 126 elder people of Beibei in Chongqing, the purpose of study one is to explore the mediating role of cognitive function(processing speed, working memory and executive function) and face recognition mechanism between the cognitive reserve and face recognition, study two attempts to verify the results of study one by adopting a new experimental paradigm.The results show that:1, among the indexes of cognitive reserve, education is significantly negative correlated with the reaction time of face recognition; 2, the processing speed plays completely intermediary role between CR score and the accuracy of face recognition; Processing speed plays completely intermediary role respectively between cognitive reserve index-education, IQ, and face recognition accuracy.3, Processing speed plays completely intermediary role between CR and the secondary configuration; Working memory, processing speed, respectively play completely intermediary role between cognitive reserve index-IQ and the secondary configuration.4, Processing speed, and the secondary configuration have chain multiple intermediary effect on the relationship between cognitive reserve and face recogniton. |
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