| In December 2013, Central Urbanization Conference Analyzed the development situation of urbanization in our country, the conference clearly put forward to promoting the human-centered urbanization, adhere to the ecological civilization, promoting green, recycling and low-carbon development. To raise the quality of urbanization, it attached great importance to ecological security, enhance the environmental protection and ecological restoration.In this context, it could be important and significant to research the ways of promoting urbanization level while ensuring ecological security, that is so called the strategy of urbanization under ecological security constraints.This study set the key county - Yunyang County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the study case, where is particularly sensitive and fragile to ecological safety, so as to achieve typical research goals. This study is been carried on within two basic dimensions, that is the urbanization level and ecological security level, creating the index system based on the comprehensive evaluation method and PSR model, determining the evaluation index weight with AHP and entropy evaluation method, analyzing the varied trends and characteristics from 1993 to 2013, and assessing the main impact factors based on the factor analyses method. Secondly, the researcher uses econometric model to analyze the relationship between urbanization and ecological security of Yunyang, and explores the influential laws between the two factors and the response of urbanization to ecological security constraints. Finally, based on the results of the quantitative research above and combined with the real situation in Yunytang, the paper explores the strategies and solutions of how to promote the urbanization level and ecological security of Yunyang. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) During the period of 1993-2013, the Yunyang county urbanization development level showed continued ascension, the urbanization development level increased by almost 6 times from 0.1494 to 0.8776 during 21 years. Since 2009, the urbanization level improved its growth momentum; the average growth rate is almost 4% faster comparing with the years before 2009. The results of growth factors analysis show that the main promoted mechanism of urbanization level of Yunyang county is mainly by economic urbanization level, the urbanization level of infrastructure, the improvement of urbanization level of living quality and the promotion of location advantages. Through the analysis of the influencing factors, it can be found that the urbanization development level of Yunyang county can be mainly attributed to the economic development level factors.(2) During the period of research, ecological security level of Yunyang showed fluctuations but a rising trend overall, ecological security level rose from 0.61 in 1993 to 0.71 in 2013, the average annual growth is about 0.78%. Pressure of the ecological security index showed a trend of decline year by year, state index showed a rising trend on the whole, general response index present a basic rising trend. By rating the Yunyang ecological security level, the results showed that the Yunyang ecological security level turned from a strong warning status to a safer state gradually. Through the analysis of influencing factors, it indicates that the environmental factor is the dominant factor of Yunyang ecological security level, the contribution of environmental factor in ecological security level is 59.73%, urban environmental quality factor is the second important factor of affecting the Yunyang ecological security level.(3)By analyzing the relationship between urbanization level of development and ecological security level, based on the environmental Kuznets curve model analysis, it shows that there is a the EKC relationship between the ecological security level of Yunyang and the urbanization development level, urbanization level and ecological security level fitting curve approximate to the positive "U" type curve, staying at the development stage on the right side of the curve. It suggests that the ecological security level has been improved along with the promotion of urbanization level. The causation analysis of these two factors shows that ecological security is the Granger reasons of urbanization development, and suggests that the changes caused by ecological security level and urbanization development level could have effects on urbanization development level itself. According to the estimation results of VAR model, it shows that the level of urbanization has a cumulative effect, which enhances the level of ecological security in the early stage but restricts the development of urbanization in the later stage. By impulse response analysis, the impact of ecological security level carried on urbanization is small in the previous three reactions, but it shows negative effect in the late period. And variance decomposition proves that the contribution rate ecological security influences on itself is declining, and urbanization level impact on the ecological safety level is gradually rising, while the impact from ecological security level to urbanization is sharply huge, but the contribution rate of its own is small.(4) The response of urbanization to ecological security constraints can be demonstrated the stress response and state constraints, which was caused by the urbanization system status signal performance, so that it can promote the respondent action to put the influence on urbanization development reversely. Through the response process and the information feedback, the purpose of optimizing the urbanization development can be achieved, and then the urbanization can be developed normally and sustainably.(5)The ecological security put more and more pressure on level of urbanized development, which provides typical references for the urbanization development of other counties in the reservoir area. When it comes to the ensurance on ecological security, Yunyang must prevent and govern natural disaster, deal with pollution problems and encourage the development of eco-industries. To improve the level of urbanization, Yunyang must make full use of its location advantages, adjust its industrial structure and improve the living standard of the residents. That is to say, In development and ecological construction depend on each other, they have a mutual promotional relationship... |
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