The Characteristics Of Need-Press In Different Gender Types Of Female College Students

Gender role is the individuals’ cognition of their gender, it also means exceptions and criteria that society respectively gives to male and female’s behavior. Traditional gender roles model divided people into male and female according to the physiological differences and considered that the high-masculine men and the high-feminine women are more affected. 1974, Bem designed Bem’s gender role scale and divided individuals into four types: the masculine, the feminine, the androgynous and the undifferentiated. The masculine have the traditional masculine values, such as bravery and aggressive. The feminine have the traditional feminine values, such as blandness and virtue. The androgynous are the individuals who are both masculine and feminine, they can balance the masculine values and the feminine values. The undifferentiated is too childish to stabilize the gender tendency. The personality difference of the individuals who are in different gender can be tested by Thematic Apperception Text(TAT), which was designed by H.A Murray. TAT was based on the theory of need-press. We can analyze the responding of subjects who was shown the pictures. He considered that the subjects can approve of the protagonist, therefore, the protagonist’s need-press characteristics are the same as the subjects’.The study tested 411 female college students by college students’ gender role scale(CSRI) which was made by Qian Mingyi and Zhang Guangjian et al, and selected 10 subjects from each type respectively, then they(40 in total) were tested by Thematic Apperception Test(TAT).Using the need–press system to code, and combining quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, we can draw the following conclusion:1.There were significant differences among the different gender roles of the female college students in different need and press.2.The masculine students maintain a high level in the need for offensive, they also maintain a high level in the press for offensive, rejection, compulsion and constraints.3.The feminine students maintain a high level in the need for obedience, control, seeking help and conflict, they also maintain a high level in the press for lack and loss.4.The androgynous students maintain a high level in the need for achievement and nurturing, they also maintain a high level in the press for control and maintaining.5.The undifferentiated students maintain a high level in the need for passivity.