A Study On The Characters Of Spatial Distribution And Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Hakka Culture

Hakka culture is a unique culture which was based on the Hakka peoples’ experience of long-time migration and vagrancy. According to statistics, the total number of Hakka people is 80000000, over 90% of them live in China and others are distributed in more than 80 countries and regions. Nowadays, the study on the Hakka culture is still in traditional ways. Studies based on GIS on analyzing time-space relation of a culture, especially on spatial feature, time evolution and visualization are still not prevailing. This paper is based on the perspective of geography, with the application of visualization and spatial analysis approach in GIS, to build up a Hakka history and culture geographic database, to multi-synthesize the information. In addition, these measures might fully explain the process and motivation of migration of the Hakka culture and offer the reference for the continuity and inheritance of the Hakka culture.This paper applied the GIS to the Hakka culture study on the basis of literature review, empirical analysis and quantitative analysis. In the first place, the constitution and design thought of the database have been introduced. Besides, the methods for data acquisition and processing have been given. Effective data has been selected from the database, with the application of buffer analysis, overlay analysis, and clustering methods, analyzing the distribution features and main influence factors of Hakka dwelling districts. In addition, the paper analyzes the spatio-temporal features of the fifth migration of the Hakka people by means of spatio-temporal data and the shortest path stimulation.Based on the relevant research, Hakka people inclined to live in basins and river valleys. Besides topography, climate and river system also play important roles in the distribution of the Hakka people. During the Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, Ganzhou in Gannan district, Changting in Minxi district, and Meizhou in Northeast of Canton are the centers of Hakka cultural evolution, and the trend of spatial distribution is from the North to the South. According to the analysis of dynamic factors, it is no denying the fact that Hakka culture is closely tied to the society historical development, the spatial evolution process of Hakka culture is in fact the reflection of historical changes and socioeconomic development. The first three migrations were mainly under the influence of wars, but the last two times are a bit different. The shortest path stimulation and migration route analysis told us that the shortest path is in accordance with the migration route at that time, and cultural evolution was influenced by a series of factors including historical environment, natural environment, social environment etc.