The Modern Chinese "V+to+O" Structure Research

As a language of preposition, reposed phenomena appear universally in Chinese. For example, in the structure of modification, the adjuncts to the structure of attributes+ head-words as well as the structure of adverbials+head-words are put the front of the head-words. Furthermore, many different adjuncts used to adorn one head-word in the structure of attributes & head-words. if so, no matter how many different adjuncts there are, those adjuncts are to be put the front of head-words entirely. The preposions in Chinese are often preposed of predicates. Such as, The voice comes from the distance. The preposition from and the noun the distance play the role of adjuncts,adorning the head-word come together. The predicates of this structure of subjective & predicate is come from the distance. The preposion from is prepose of the predicate, which indicates that prepositions in Chinese are usually put the front of predicates. However, there exists a kind of special preposition in modern Chinese, which is put behind verbs,making up the V+ Prep +O phrases together with the objective behind. These eight prepositions zai, dao, xiang, wang, zhi, zi, yu, gei belong to the special one. However, this kind of words are not intensively enough studied, some of which are still even at the stage of beginning. The research of the preposition xiang mainly stays at the process of its grammaticalization, few of which are involved in the structure of V+ xiang+ O. Therefore, I think it is necessary to study the preposition xiang and the structure of V+ xiang+ O deeper with a new research method from a new perspective to dig out the language norms hiding behind the linguistic facts. This essay is divided into six parts to study the structure of V+ xiang+ O deeply.The first chapter is the exordium, which looks back the interrelated studies briefly and introduces the object of study in this essay, the study method used in the essay, the significance of study as well as the resource of language material respectively.The second chapter is to hackle the grammaticalization process and motive mechanism of xiang. Firstly, the grammaticalization process of xiang from verb to preposition will be briefly analyzed. The preposition, "xiang", budded in the period of two han Dynasties, which finished the prepositions in the period of wei, jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties and appeared diversification tendency in the usage.Till Tang and the Five Dynasties, the preposition function of "xiang" finally formed and became stable, thus "xiang" complimented its lengthy grammaticalization process towards preposition. The motive mechanism of xiang’s grammaticalization mainly includes semanteme collocation, syntax position and cognitive factors etc.The third chapter is to discuss the lexicalization of the structure of V+ xiang and the motive mechanism of its lexicalization as well. In this chapter, the solidification of the structure of V+ xiang will be illustrated at the beginning. Then, to analyze the lexicalization degree of the structure of V+ xiang according to the mutual information calculating comparison and the language intuition research. After that, the motive mechanism of V+ xiang structure will be analyzed, which is mainly affected by diplophonization, rhythm effect, re-analyse analogy effect etc.The fourth chapter is to study the V+ xiang+ O structure further further based on the study of chapter two and three; mainly to analyze what feathers V and O have when they are accessible to the V+ xiang+ O structure; then to discuss what semanteme relationship V+ xiang and O have in V+ xiang+ O structure.The fifth chapter is the conclusion. The summary of the essay will be made and the existing problems will be pointed out in this chapter.