Research From Theangle Of Conversation Analysis On Question-answer Of Doctor-patient Interaction

Conversation analysis plays an important role in the naturally occurredconversation field since it was born. From research subject to research methodology,from macro analysis to micro analysis, from non-institutional talk to institutional talk,sociologists develop and enhance the applicability day after day. Since entering the newcentury, the conversation analysts, represented by Professor Paul Drew, regard socialaction theory as a key point for analyzing dynamic social factors on the conversationmode and choice of language systems makes some definite contributions for betterconversation analysis.After decades of research, it is reasonable to apply the method of conversationanalysis to analyze doctor-patient conversation, which is a typical institutionalconversation. Doctor-patient interaction with conversation analysis in China, which wasaroused in1990s, is later than doctor-patient interaction analysis with othermethodology. In addition, research topics are abundant.Based on the76groups of transcribed data, the author explores question-answer ofdoctor-patient conversation from the static aspect of conversational structure and thedynamic aspect of social action theory with conversation analysis. Linguistic data in thisthesis was collected by the author as an anonymous in a Hospital of Shanxi Provincefrom April to August in2014. There is no sensitive topics and private information forprivacy.Through studying the overall organization, local organization and temporaryidentity building, results are as follows:First, at the stages of disease history demand, diagnosis making and treatmentsuggestion, question-answer structure takes up the largest proportion of71%. In diseasehistory demand, on most occasions, doctors raise questions and patients answer, whichgoes smoothly with clear purposes and in an orderly sequence structure. The boundaryand pattern at the closing stage is relatively complex.Second, adjacency pairs in doctor-patient conversation mainly take the structure ofquestion and answer. Among the76groups of doctor-patient conversation,question-answer adjacency pairs account for72%of the total, which shows thatquestion-answer structure takes absolute majority among all adjacency pairs structures.In the question-answer structure of doctor-patient conversation, adjacency pairs induced by doctors’ questions take up54%on the whole, which shows that in Chinesemedical organizations, doctors who have professional official organizational statuspossess absolute domination in doctor-patient conversation, on the contrary, patients asrecipients of message, have weaker discourse rights. Studies on the constituents of turnmanifest that the number of doctors’turn is relatively more than that of patients’. That isbecause doctors sometimes ask patients to do some acts and so on. In terms of buildingthe constituents of turn, the number of vocabulary and phrases in doctors’ turn is muchsmaller than that in patients’. However, the number of sentences in doctors’ turn islarger than that in patients’.Third, the author has made a brief analysis of temporary identity buildingphenomenon in doctor-patient interaction from the perspective of social action theory,from which, the author has found that the relationship between doctors and patients inessence is doctor-patient relationship, but to meet the needs of doctor-patient interaction,status of doctor and patient is temporarily constructed and selected. Accordingly, theirdiscourses change which are resulted from social needs and social effect.All in all, the author has not only made a static analysis of question-answer indoctor-patient interaction from conversation structure aspect, but also made a dynamicanalysis from the new angle of social action theory of conversation analysis. However,many details need to be further improved.