A Study On Richards "Scientific" Poetic Theory

Richards was regarded as a Scientific critic, pursuited the scientific of criticism. He was dissatisfied with the confusion of criticism standard and the fuzzy of criticism object. Used the psychology research, put forward the "experience" as the center of the literary study. Regard the literary study as a branch of psychology research. According to the "Impulse balance theory", Richards thought that life experience and artistic experience can cause the corresponding impulse in different stimulation. In the poet, these mutual interference, conflict, independent, combination of a balanced state. Through the imagination, the chaotic and unconnected impulse organized into a coherent organization. Artistics expressed the complex world which human’s experienced. So originally, poetic language that appears in ambiguity was determined by the complex of the world and the special method which art reflects the world. In this regard, Richards proposed the view of semantics, emphasis on the significance of understanding the language of texts.Richards believes that there are two kinds of language usage:One is the scientific use of language, the other is language of emotion. Former emphasize the authenticity of the reference, which its object is really the object can be verified; The latter is a kind of false statements, which emphasize the true nature of emotion. Two distinguish between the usage of the language will help us to correctly understand the attitudes of texts. Meanwhile, there are four different language meanings:Meaning, emotion, tone and intention. We do not understand the work, often is because we have no basis in the correct understanding of the meaning and the intention of the author.After mastering the basic language analysis methods, Richards then remind the ten difficulties we encountered in the practice of criticism. These difficulties make us cannot correctly understand the work, so that we do not distinguish good and bad. To solve these difficulties, is to do semantic analysis to the work. In addition to distinguish between the use of language, we should combine the concrete context, analysis of works in metaphor. Metaphor in his opinion is a kind of the existence of language, and the context is the presence of the field of language. Richards believes the meaning of a word is determined by the entire history of the term (longitudinal context) and is being affected by the specific environment (horizontal context) when using constraints. Advocated that In the aspect of that two kinds of context on the meaning of words, making a comprehensive in-depth analysis.Richards was a profound critic. A series of ideas he proposed, such as tension, ambiguity, metaphor, all to inherit and absorb by the "New Criticism" successors, and Richards is regarded as the pioneer of the" new criticism". However, the psychological color in the theory of Richards has attracted a lot of criticism. No matter the internal members of Ransom, Wellek, or the Western Marxism Eagleton, are all criticism on the naive and unrealistic psychological research. But Richards is a critic of the independent personality, it is impossible to evaluate the characteristics of the genre to this individual, Respect the personality is the fundamental criticism critic of prosperity.