The Death Of Censors And Political Culture Of Ming Dynasty

The imperial censors as the luminary of country and society, their active or quiet with the strike of the Ming dynasty’s political culture and the development of confucianism, the dynamic changes of the imperial censors have extremely profound significance to the Ming dynasty. Rulers encouraged give advice on the one hand but on the other no one can question the sovereign authority, coupled with it had many worthless sovereigns of the Ming dynasty. It has killed a large number of the imperial censors who to admonish the rulers.From the horizontal dimension of time, this article tries to analyze the imperial censors of the Ming dynasty on the political struggle and the characteristics of various periods of four periods. The first stage is from Hongwu to Yongle, a lot of the imperial censors hope to do something in the new dynasty of the periods, but the results of strong to fight the powerful monarchy authority are often come to no good, their death only reveals the oppressive of the new dynasty monarch. Hung shing to hongzhi as the second phase, compared with taizhu and chengzhu to dealing with the underlings, the emperor to worship the confucian scholar, they had a relative relationship between the emperor and the ministers in the period, but the phenomenon of the dead to fight exists in part, especially the dynasty of the xianzhong, a small group that the imperial censors who fight to death began as a group. Zhengde to jiajing is the third stage, the emperors serious misconduct in this period, the imperial censors are more highlights no matter on the momentum or organizationally, so separate into third stage. At the same time, the imperial power gradually strengthen, even though officials struggle in the form of group to fight, but the result is not optimistic, especially the jiajing, government suppression of the dissuasion has reached its peak, meanwhile people admire the imperial censors who fight to death very much, public opinion and the monarch’s judgments into the open. longqing to Chongzhen is the fourth stage, due to the death to fight hard to obtain due effect, with the death of remonstrating, insulted or put to death, hope to help the emperor gets better is hard to realize, about the death of fight to the imperial power is waning in this time, the advice have become a mere formality, or get fame or fight for partisan purposes. Although there have some people who might be called fearless imperial censors in the Wanli era, but most of the reports was ignored, monarch hold back the advice, the cabinet Shoufu is more feckless, this contradiction in this period from the whole atmosphere was sharp, but the imperial censors die for give advice is difficult, so the Wanli also attributed to the fourth stage, finally, the imperial censors have a not perfect but epic ending by Donglin party in the Ming dynasty revealed years.Secondly, this article attempts summarizes the characteristics of the imperial censors who fight to death from the two aspects. First, from the perspective of the origin of many imperial censors is jinshi, and under the call of the various policy suggestion, more and more officials to be fighting minister, and the imperial censors identity also have different characteristics, this is one of the characteristics of the imperial censors of the Ming dynasty. Second, because of the Ming dynasty the unprecedented strengthening the autocratic monarchy, coupled with fighting minister often straight to fight, so given these results the advice behavior would be suicide. But compared with the tragic living end, the imperial censors who is not dead have been used again, many of the dead be rehabilitated and enjoys the fame of glorify and illuminate the ancestors, this is another feature of fighting minister of the Ming dynasty.Finally, to analysis the imperial censors of the Ming dynasty between giving advice and refused to fight from the chinese traditional political culture, the officials how to abide between politics and orthodoxy, help the monarch establish credibility and stature,to embodies the spirit of democracy when to reach the level of authoritarian system. In general, the fighting minister of the Ming dynasty, although the effect of advice is not very clear, the way is sincere but not smart, it has exceptional achievement to political, the Ming dynasty finally to subscribe.In general, the fighting minister of the Ming dynasty, although the effect of advice is not very clear, the way is sincere but not smart, it has exceptional achievement to political, the Ming dynasty finally to subscribe. But under the suppression of the Ming dynasty monarch, unprecedented strengthening autocracy, the fighting minister in front of the monarch’s brutal not powerless, but choose died a heroic death, rulers tried to enslave them but one failure after another, that is because they insist to do the last guard to fighting, make public opinion atmosphere relatively loose in an unprecedented authoritarian politics while the Ming dynasty, and did not appear the situation of ten thousand horses stand mute, this is the imperial censors sacrifice their personal lives for maximum value.