The Relation Between Selling Offices And Mixture Of Officials And Businessman In Late Qing Dynasty

Late Qing Dynasty is the key historical stage of China’s modern transformation. Under the background of the domestic trouble and foreign invasion, the society faced with "thousands of years to no change". The political aspect also has become the end. As before, some money, then not only is more prevalent, and the situation is complicated. The so-called "donation" is "maiguanyujue", namely through the money in exchange for position or title. Donation in the late Qing Dynasty not only increased the political confusion, but also intensified the trend of confluence of officials and businessmen, the Chinese political reform and national economic development, social class changes produced important influence. Chinese history is the official statue, taking the humble two quite distinct from each other. Collusion of the historical phenomenon appeared very early, but due to the pressing of the feudal system it has not been able to become the trend of development. However in the late Qing Dynasty, the feudal system gradually disintegrated, donation practices spread officialdom, decline of the imperial examination system and the trend of confluence of officials and businessmen have become increasingly obvious and become history is inevitable. It is worth noting is donation at the edge of the law and morality, since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty there and once ruled that the legitimate. Donation was rampant in the late Qing Dynasty, and to a large extent is due to the Qing government facing the increasingly serious national crisis can freely control the domestic political situation, and forced to ease the financial pressure to intensify the implementation of Erzhi. Unprecedented prevalence of donation is indeed alleviate the financial crisis, promote the confluence of the officials of the late Qing Dynasty, but the consequences and bring many disadvantages. This duality, for objective understanding, understanding the confluence of donation system and businessmen can not be ignored. Donation into the officer different to the right path of some courtiers entering political stratum, and its promotion of doubt have shaken the imperial authority of the system of official selection, accelerated the fall of the imperial examination system. And direct consequence of confluence of officials and businessmen is to break down the social structure of China’s traditional "Scholar" and the change of social structure accelerated the pace of social change. Through the donation system of officials and businessmen confluence can also contribute to the understanding of the collapse of the imperial examination system, modern social class differentiation, thus more comprehensive view by the multiple effects of China’s modern situation.