A Study Of Diplomatic Strategy Between 1949 And 1969 Under The Influence Of Two Political Party In The Federal Republic Of Germany

After World War Ⅱ, the east camp represented by the Soviet Union and the west camp represented by the United States, carried out the struggle in the ideology and the state system, etc, which opened the curtain of the Cold War. Europe was regarded as the main battlefield of the Cold War and Germany was the core area of the contention. The Federal Republic and Democratic Republic of Germany were established in 1949, German had to suffer the consequences of the war and face the reality of national division.Facing to the complicated international and domestic situation at that time, As the two political forces of the federal republic of Germany, the Christian Democratic Union(CDU) and the Social Democratic Party(SPD) could must be determined a global strategy for the future direction of the new German. It also included diplomatic strategy of new Germany. The CDU and the SPD are two completely different political forces in political origin and political position. As a result, they formed sharp contradiction and opposite in diplomatic strategy of New Germany. Adenauer and Schumacher who were respectively the leaders of the two political parties, represented the two routes and position. First of all, they were contradictory on the attitude toward east and west camps and then they also formed the opposition in the European integration. Adenauer preferred to support European integration movement and relied on the western camp under the leadership of the United States to resist the Soviet Union. Schumacher hoped that Germany went to the "neutral" road. Thus, Adenauer preferred to support European integration movement. Though they both realized the unification of the country as the supreme goal, there were totally different opinions of them in the specific path. Adenauer put their faith in the western countries coulddefeat the east countries and the United States could defeat the Soviet Union.However, Schumacher put their faith in the basis on held a neutral country. The CDU won the general election in 1949 and it laid a solid foundation for Adenauer to pursue his diplomatic strategy.From the end of the fifty’s to the early sixty’s, the society and two main political forces of the Federal Republic of Germany have undergone a major transformation.With the improved relations between United States and the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the third crisis in Berlin, the CDU insisted on the strategy which stood on the side of the west had a heavy blow to the edge of bankruptcy. Facing to come into power and preside over the diplomatic situation in capitalist society, the SPD adjusted the party platform to suit the needs of new situation. In terms of diplomatic strategy,the SPD changed the traditional standpoint of neutrality and agreed to the orientation which the federal republic of Germany is an important member in the western camp.At the same time, it also shifted the attitude towards European integration from initial opposition to active support.In 1963, Adenauer was as the leader of the CDU and policy maker at home and abroad, then he resigned. In 1969, Brandt was elected as the prime minister of the federal republic of Germany. After a series of changes, it means that politic and society of the federal republic of Germany opened a new page. On one hand, he tried for the trust of the western countries. On the other hand, he adopted “the New Oriental Policy”, which not only revised shortcomings of “The Hallstein doctrine”and mitigated relations with the eastern camp, but also opened up new ways to achieve the aim of German reunification. Thus, in the period of CDU, the diplomatic strategy dependent on the tense situation of the Cold War gradually lost power and influence. During this period, the timely transformation of diplomatic strategy enabled country to grow unceasingly under the complex international environment. This passage consists of five parts:The introduction interprets some concepts which involved this passage and introduces the main leaders of the two parties.The first chapter interprets the origin of the two parties and its basiccontradiction of diplomatic strategy after World War Ⅱ.The second chapter discusses the conflict of the two parties about two camps in the United States and the Soviet Union and European integration. At the same time, it analyses the reasons of the existence of contradiction.The third chapter mainly discusses that SPD changes its ideas and it impacts on the diplomatic strategy of the two parties during the 1950 s.The fourth chapter discusses the main reasons for the change of political ecology and diplomatic strategy of the Federal Republic of Germany.