Russian Literary-political Periodicals And Intellectuals In The1860s

In the 1860s, with the political turmoil in the domestic and overseas, the Tsar Alexander II began to start a series of reform policies, including feudal serf system reform. At the same time, the Russian social structure had experienced a sharp adjustment, and so as the cultural environment. With the prosperity of literature and literary criticism, the printing and periodical industry began to develop rapidly.In that context, with the desire to express their political views, the russian intellectuals began to take part in the publications, periodical editing and artical writing. They tried to express their political views with a focus on Alexander II’s reform policies and national social and political events in periodicals of competing factions. And between them had broken out a large-scale press debate.The phenomenon of the iterary-political periodical polemic is not only influenced by the turbulent society during this period, but also associated with the personal factors of intellectuals. The periodicals polemic between the intellectuals is an important cultural phenomenon in the 1860s, which is the important way for the intellectuals to participate in the discussian of state political events. The periodical polemic not only promoted the development of the press industry and public opinions, influenced the goverment decisions and country development path, but also greatly promoted the democratization process in Russia. The research of the periodical polemic in 1860s has vital significance for the relationship between contemporary state and society and the self-positioning of intellectuals.