The Study On Eco-environmental Influence Of Ecological Immigration

Ecological migration as to reduce the ecological environment pressure and solve the problem of poverty measures, has received high attention of the society. At present, ecological migration impacts has becomed a hot topic, research perspectives change from large scale to small scale in home and abroad research. Based on ecological out-migration and in migration area environment has changed after the ecological immigration project, from the macro and micro scale, we analyzed the environment influence. On the macro scale, comparison and analysis the ecological benefit of ecological migration by mehod of the ecosystem service value and ecological footprint; on the micro scale, analyzed the Eco-environment influence starting from the change of livelihood, to recognize into the environmental impact path of ecological migration. The last, starting from the perspective of sustainable development, put forward the ecological immigration ecological environment construction strategy, for immigration policy formulation and in ecological construction for reference. The result of showed that:(1) The ecological benefit is obvious, the ecological benefits based on ecosystems services changes is 26900 RMB yuan each family and based on ecological footprints changes is 25487 RMB yuan for ecological migration. Land use change abviously affected by the projece of ecological migration, along the center towns and major roads of the grass conversion to irrigable land and construction land. Due to population pressure to reduce, woodland and grassland area increased in Out-migration area. Irrigation water is enough of In-migration area per unit area ecosystem service value was increased, on the contrary, was downward trend.(2) Following the farmer livelihood diversity and non-agricultural level increasing, farmer’s per capita ecological footprint decreased from immigration before 0.741 cap/hm2 to immigration after 0.531 cap/hm2, furthermore, immigrant farmers of arable land, grassland and forest resources will reduce dependence on fossil energy land, waters and land pollution-dependent will increase, migration will reduce the pressure of the natural environment. The types of farmers livelihood were obvious different which were:Full-farm, farm-dominated, half-farm, non-farm-dominated and non-farm households. Half-farm and non-farm-dominated type farmers’ livelihood is better in before, farm-dominated and half-farm type farmers’ livelihood is better in after of ecological migration. Non-farm-dominated type households both for the protection of the ecological environment of the region, but also conducive to family livelihoods prove.(3) Migration of production and consumption behavior is the direct driving force for change in the rural environment, household production and consumption patterns to environmental friendly changes, it is conducive to environmental protection and sustainable livelihoods for farmers. Before the migration, forced by the adverse environment and the increase in household population, are often caught in a vicious cycle of poverty and livelihood ecological damage. After the immigration, farmers behavior to reduce the impact of production on the ecological environment, but the rapid increase in domestic sewage and garbage, increasing the risk of deterioration of the environment area of immigration.(4) From 2005 to 2014, ecological pressures eased, efficiency of resource use and development capabilities continue to improve, sustainable development in good shape.The ecological footprint constitutes the corresponding food consumption footprint of cropland and grassland highest level necessary to further improve the ecological economy. The maximum carrying capacity of cultivated land, the supply is greater than demand, the performance of the supply surplus, grassland, forest, water, construction land were less than the demand, the performance deficit.(5) Meet the challenges of climate change and the need to tackle poverty from the perspective of sustainable development of ecological construction ecological migrants seeking countermeasures set. To move out of district left a reasonable solution population issues, the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism, fostering the growth of specialized industry, broaden sources of income immigrants, promote positive interaction between their livelihood sustainable development and ecological environmental protection. At the same time, be innovative resettlement way to strengthen environmental management and protection Immigrant areas to prevent and reduce ecological risks.