| Prospective memory(PM) is closely related to people’s daily life, refers to remembering to perform an intention or event at a certain point in the future, One hot focus of PM research has been determining the processing mechanisms and influencing factors that underlie remembering to perform such intentions. According to whether attention-demanding monitoring for the target cue or cognitive capacity-consuming monitoring processes in the process of PM, it can generally be divided into three kinds of viewpoints serve as the theoretical explanations of prospective memory: spontaneous-retrieval processes theory、preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory(PAM) and multi-processing theory. Spontaneous-retrieval processes is assumed that retrieval of prospective memory should be accompanied by no attention-consuming in monitoring. PAM theory considers that retrieval of prospective memory must be preparatory attentional or monitoring processes. Multiprocess theory highlights the involvement of either automatic or attention controlled processes, depending on several factors, including the characteristics of the background task, the PM cue and the individual.Previous research has shown that PM can be enhanced when targets are emotionally rather than neutral in nature, while the emotionally enhanced prospective memory effect has mixed the arousing value, it is unclear whether the emotional valence, the arousing value, or both were responsible for improving PM. Moreover, previous study does not explore the cognitive processes that underlie benefits of emotional PM cues. Whether the improvements are due to fostering greater interest and focusing on the PM task or because emotion boosts the target cue saliency, thus reducing the need for deliberate monitoring and boosting PM success, or both, which should be studied in depth. In response to these issues, This research adopts the classic dual-task experimental paradigm of prospective memory to investigate the influence of different emotional valence and arousal on prospective memory and further probe into the cognitive process mechanism of emotion prospective memory by analyzing the performance of background task.The current research is composed of two experiments. In experiment 1, By manipulating the emotional valence and arousal of target cues, the background task is a 1-back working memory task for pictures, and PM task is asking the subjects to perform in the PM tasks whenever they saw one of the target pictures. The whole experiment process using block design, All of the participants completed the entire 6 PM block and control block. After the experiment, the response time and the accuracy of prospective memory performance, and the performance of background task were statistical analyze to assessed the monitoring behaviors.In experiment 2, Besides manipulating the emotional valence and arousal of target cues, we also manipulating the cognitive load of background task. In high cognitive load condition, the background task is a 3-back working memory task for pictures; In low cognitive load condition, the background task is a 1-back working memory task. PM task is required to perform in the PM tasks whenever they saw the target picture. All of the participants completed the entire 6 PM block. After the experiment, the response time and the accuracy of prospective memory performence and background task were statistical analyze to assessed the monitoring behaviorsThe conclusions of the research are as follows:(1) The emotional valence and arousal of target cue affect the performance of prospective memory, PM performance was better when target cues were positively and negatively valenced rather than neutral cues. PM performance was better when target cues were highly arousing(2)There are significant differences in cognitive process mechanism between the emotional valence and arousal of target cues on prospective memory. emotional arousing value could benefit spontaneous-retrieval processes, While emotional valence affect the performance of prospective memory should be accompanied by Combining with spontaneous-retrieval processes and attention controlled processes, depending upon the arousing value.(3)The cognitive load of background task has a negative effect on prospective memory performance, and the emotional valence and arousal of target cues can modulate the influence of cognitive load of background task on prospective memory performance. In the situation of negatively valenced and highly arousing of target cues, the impact of cognitive load of background task on prospective component would die away.(4)The retrieval of prospective memory is depending upon the emotional valence and arousal of target cues, and moderated by the cognitive load of background task, combining with spontaneous-retrieval processes and attention controlled processes. The conclusion from current experiment support the multiprocess theory. |
PDF Full Text Request