The Analysis Of Tragic Fate Of The Rectification Movement In1957

In the development of society, the causality for some important historical invents was not single, butmultiple, which could bring about some unexpected results. One example is the rectification in1957. Fromlaunching rectification on1st, May to the anti-rightist struggle on8th, August, a180degree turn occurredwithin40days. The bringing about effects totally betrayed its original motivation. Therefore, a question wascome up intuitively-what was the real reason that leads to the deviation between motivation and effect?That was, how the aim of handling conflicts among people and overcoming the three big evils wentoppositely?The subjective reasons for the failure of rectification are, firstly, the guiding theories’ imperfection ofrectification: thoughts of class struggle’s existence in theory of people’s conflicts, defects in illustrations ofthe two hundred philosophy and lack of clear definition of the three principles; secondly, the ideologicalcontradiction and variability in the general director: drastic and constant revise on the theory and timeadvance, methods from small democracy to big ones and lacking trust in the democratic parties andintellectuals; lastly, some leaders’ emotional conflicts appearing as the slow actions and tendency toexaggerating the negative sides when reporting to the superior government.The objective reasons for rectification are, firstly, hasty process of initiation: no fully preparation for itamong the leaders of Party’s Central Committee, without achievement of agreement between the upper andthe low; secondly, the method of rectification hid risk. On one hand, it gave freedom to intellectual workersand Democratic Party members to come up with some sensitive opinions. On the other hand, it was easy tolose control under the operation full of democracy; thirdly, lacking of democratic and legal environment:Chairman Mao’s absolute authority acting as a double-edged sword, no perfect laws to protect the speechfreedom; finally, negative effects of some international factors: Chairman Mao’s anxiety for non-Stalin ofthe Twelfth of Soviet and China and alert on free intellectual workers after the Hungarian Incident, besides,western countries hostile reinforcing the central government’s anxiety for the unstable authority.The historical ressones and enlightment of1957rectification tragedy as follows: The disadvantagesoutweigh its advantages in the way of “big democracy”; The ruling party should own open and inclusive opinions; To perfect democracy and law is the fundamental way to solve conflicts among people; Benigninaction between the ruling party and the intellectuals as an important condition of social development.In a word, the rectification in1957, with Mao Zedong as the representative of the Communist Party,was a pioneering attempt to meet the needs of all-round socialist construction, to overcome the bad evil inthe party and to correctly deal with democratic conflicts. It went oppositely and failed with its tragic fate,but the exploration into the contributions and lessons from going astray was a precious heritage for us toreflect deeply.