Study On Evolution Of The Official Selection System In Ancient China Since Qin And Han Dynasty

In the course of socialist modernization and reform of modern China,the Party and government is always the leadership force and integrating force.Among them,the leading cadres and public servants team play a key role.It can be said that,a high-quality,high level leading cadres and public servants team is an important foundation of the cause of the Party and the state.Establishing and maintaining such a team,cannot do without a perfect leading cadres and public servants selection system.As one of the most important political systems,the official selection system of ancient China,such as Recommendatory System,“Jiu Pin Zhong Zheng” System and Imperial Examination System,not only played a significant role in the corresponding period of history,but also left a precious heritage for future generations to improve leading cadres and public servants selection system of modern China.In the study,at the macroscopic level,using the dominant official selecting system in different history stage from Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty as the research object,straightens out the consecution of the evolution of official selection system of ancient China,analyses the changes,constants and the guidelines of this evolution and attains the internal logic and essence of this evolution.In the effort to put forward the reference to improve leading cadres and public servants selection system of modern China.In part one,the paper is focus on straightening out the consecution and analysing the change,constant and the guidelines of the evolution.The consecution is “Chajv system of Han Dynasty---Jiu Pin Zhong Zheng System of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties---Imperial Examination System of Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty”.The changes are that during the evolution,specific official selection standards were generally developed into talent standards; the deviate degree of the ideal selection standard and actual selection standard was generally decreasing; the official selection modes and the ways of preventing fraud had developed from the simple,abstract level to detailed, operational level,in order to reduce the possibility of human intervention. The consecution is that the basic standard of official selection is consolidating the monarchy and maintaining the rule of agricultural society production;the official selection modes and the measures of preventing fraud of the official selection system were eventually inevitably rigid.The evolution of the official selection system of ancient China always followed three guidelines:Firstly,employing and appointing officials in line with their character and talent was the starting point;Secondly,the Confucian doctrine was the core content of examination; Thirdly,the rule and government of state was oriented.In part two,the paper is focus on studying out the internal logic and essence of this evolution.The internal logic:The bureaucrat stratum was the actual strength of rule and government,the formation and update of bureaucrat stratum cannot do without the official selection system,thus the dynasties’ rulers had the necessary requirement to establish the official selection system. With the change of real problems faced by ruling and governance,the rulers’ requirements to bureaucrat stratum was changed accordingly, which led to a corresponding adjustment and evolution of the official selection system.The essence is a timely development of official selection system,which is driven by the rulers, in order to guarantee to employ and appoint officials in the light of their character and talent and the bureaucrat stratum didn’t violate the rule of agricultural society production,as same as the monarchy.In part three,the paper is focus on analysing the influences of the official selection system of China’s ancient history.The influences include:opening the regime, maintaining political unification,reducing the risk of social division and promoting the circulation of elites and so on.In part four,the paper is focus on trying to put forward the references to improve leading cadres and public servants selection system of contemporary China.It mainly includes:selecting and cultivating the talents who can maintain the national system and promote the development of the society and economy;improving leading cadres’ selection system,education system,supervision system,reserve system,and then form a benign interactive relationship among them.