New Birth Of Freedom: From Adam Smith To Marx

Freedom is the primary problem of modern society. This article, from the perspective ofthe philosophy of law, analyzes Adam Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of theWealth of Nations and Marx’s On the Jewish Question, and detailed combs the inherent logicdistinction between Smith and Marx’s concept of freedom in the free concept developmenthistory which is from classical liberalism to post-capitalization. This article mainly analysis isfreedom, and on the basis of the classical liberal master Smith and Marx’s On JewishQuestion, It reveals the basic features of classical liberalism and its potential crisis.Furthermore, this article probe into the way that how Marx to reveal the inner limit about thebourgeois ideas of freedom, and, though system combing the logic of human liberation,outlook the Marx’s ideal society in the future: an integrated union of free men. On one hand,the writing is focused on reading On the Jewish Question which is Written in1843, in order tounderstand the early Marx’s legal philosophy thought. On the other hand, through contactingthe Marx’s political context and social ecology, the article discuss the relation and distinctionbetween early Marx’s legal philosophy thought and classical liberalism legal philosophy, andresearch the problem consciousness, thinking mode and the approach to solve the problemabout the “freedom” in the theory of early Marx’s legal philosophy.In addition to the preface and epilogue, this article is divided into four parts:With free for the clues, part one illustrates the theoretical thinking which is "philosophyof law-freedom (socialist)-Marx", and puts Marx’s legal philosophy thought into thebackground of western academic history. Then it explain reasons to select the On the JewishQuestion and the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, and introduce the literatureresearch situation.Part two analyzes the text of the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Its revealsAdam Smith’s classic feelings from three angles that are "Freedom","natural" and"self-interest". Then it affirms Smith’s effort for healing rift between freedom and virtue underthe social background at that time.Part three analyzes the text of On the Jewish Question. It analyzes the question what isthe jews, and Marx’s real concern problem to the jews. Then this part makes an interpretationon the theory of human liberation, and introduces the criticism of Marx for classicalliberalism to build free kingdom. Part four discusses "new birth of freedom" under the perspective of Marx. Incombination with the second and third part, on the basis of the summary from Adam Smith toMarx and the classical liberalism to Marx, this section shows the problem’s specific featuresfrom self-interest to freedom. In addition, this part carries on a brief explanation on Marx’svision of a ideal society: an integrated union of free men.