《Das Kapital》and The Real Value Of The Research Methodology

Marx uses materialist dialectics in "Das Kapital" as well as the various specificmethods which are fundermental to the materialist dialectics, as the reaserch object tothe capitalist mode of production, research capital through the production process,distribution process and the overall process, revealing the capitalist mode ofproduction the basic contradiction, to clarify the law of surplus value production,exposing the secrets of the capitalist exploitation of workers, demonstrated theinevitability of the demise of capitalism. Marx criticizes and absorbs the reasonablecore of Hegel’s idealist dialectical materialism and Feuerbach’s materialism, so set upthe materialist dialectic method. As a guide to materialist dialectics, Marx combineswith a variety of specific methods-scientific abstraction, logic and history unifiedapproach, revealing the inherent law of capitalist economic development.In this paper, including three parts, the first part of the study is the application ofdialectical materialism in "Das Kapital", materialist dialectics contains three basic law--the law of opposites, mass exchange law and the law of negation of negation,the lawof opposites is the core of materialist dialectics. Marx uses unity of opposites in "DasKapital", and begins to study from the most simple economic commodity, reveals dualfactors of commodity and the duality of labor which determines the dual factors ofcommodity, studys the duality of labor in the value of the formation process and theinherent contradictions in the capital value accumulation. Under the guidance of theprinciple of the unity of opposites, using mass exchange law analyses the produce ofcurrency is to solve the contradiction between use value and value of goods, theduality of labor is the key to distinguish the labor process and the value-added process,the residual value is resulted in labor becoming a commodity, the transition fromliberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism is the qualitative change that capitalismoccurres, using double negation law analyses that the capitalist commodity economydeny the simple commodity economy and the socialist commodity economy deny thecapitalist commodity economy, which is the negation of capitalist commodityeconomy. The second part of the study is the relationship between the fundamentalmethod and the various specific methods of “Das Kapital”, focusing on the twotypical specific methods—scientific abstraction,logic and history unified approach,analyzing the specific application of the two specific methods and comparing the two methods perspectively with the fundamental method. The specific methods are thematerialization of materialist dialectics which are not independent of the fundamentalmethod,stressing the importance of the specific methods. The third part of the study isthe real value of the methodology of “Das Kapital”, comparing with the methodologyof the western economy from the angle of the philosophy and the fundamental method,analyzing the philosophy foundation of the Marxism economics’ historicalmaterialism methodology, the validity of the materialist dialectics and the directionson theory, as well as analyzing the relationship of the methodology between “DasKapital” and the western economy. At last it proves the validity of the Marxismeconomy and the directive function to Chinese socialist market economy, combinedwith the status quo of China’s economic reforms, analyzing the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment of the application and development for materialist dialectics.