The Research On Marx’s Labor Theory Of Value With Its Inheritance And Development

Labor theory of value is the cornerstone of Marx’s economics, It is an important theoretical basis for guiding the economic construction of the party and the state, It has great significance. Economists at home and abroad attach great importance to it, study and debate on this area is very fierce. Since reforming and opening up, the labor theory of value has encountered new problems and new changes, facing the dual challenges from theoretical and practical. Under such a circumstance, how to insist and develop Marx’s labor theory of value, how to use it to better guide the economic construction, has become a significant subject of basic theory, it is worth our further study.The origination of Marx’s labor theory of value, not only has a solid social, economic, political, and cultural foundation, but also has philosophy origin provided by natural science and social science. It has absorbed, criticized and transformed the classical theory of School of political economy, fully inherited the excellent cultural heritage of mankind, then Marx’s labor theory of value became mature.The main content of Marx’s labor theory of value is the "theory of two factors of commodity". Among them, the use value is the natural property of commodity, the undertaker of commodity’s value and exchange value. Value, the unique and essential factors in commodity, is the social attribute of commodity. It is the coagulation in the goods done by general human’s abstract labor. The value of a commodity is determined by social necessary labor time to produce the goods. There is dialectical relationship between the value and exchange value and the evolution from the exchange value to price, which contains the origin and nature of currency, is gradually and historicallyThrough the analysis of the commodity, leads to the concept of "labor", Labor is the entity of value and the inner scale of a commodity. Marx said "labor" means productive labor used in the production of commodity and value, does not mean "labor" which exists in all societies, as an ordinary " production conditions".In human history, Marx first discovered and proved the duality of labor produced in goods. Meanwhile, Marx deemed the duality of labor theory as the basis of understanding all of the contradictions in capitalism and the hub of understanding the Political Economics. He thinks that the duality of labor is the unique attributes of production labor. It is the duality of labor determines the two factors of commodity, namely concrete labor creates use value and abstract labor forms value.In the process of specific production, we must make a distinction between labor and labor force. It is crucial for us to recognize the nature of capitalism. Labor force, is a kind of special commodity, refers to the ability to use their own mental and physical labor in the particular work, it is the use of worker’s own labor ability. Labor is the entity of value and the inner scale of a commodity. Labor isn’t a commodity, it has no value. However, "Labor force" is a commodity and the use value of labor force is different from ordinary ones. Compared with other products, the use of labor force commodity can become the source of creating value and surplus value. In the process of consumption of labor, namely the process of production, it can create new value and the new value is more than the value of their own labor force. That is to say, the value of labor force and the new value created in the consumption of the labor force are two different quantity. The value of labor force is always less than the value created in the process of production. In essence, the surplus value, is just the difference between the two values This is the secret why bourgeois can exploit the mass proletariat and become wealthy quickly.Any scientific theory is the product of a certain era. With the development of the times, the theory itself should also develop. "Marx’s labor theory of value " is no exception. From the date of birth, the labor theory of value suffers enormous censures and challenges. Many bourgeois economists have proposed many different "value theory" as oppositions, the most representative is the "Marginal utility theory of value" and "element axiology". "Marginal utility theory of value" advocate using the adjustment of the relationship between supply and demand under free competition to realize the commodity price equilibrium, it summarizes the regular pattern of the capitalist market economy from a technical way. "Element axiology" advocates of a variety of elements such as capital, land, labor, technology, management, working together to create "value", They deem the gains as a result of various factors of production’s collective contribution. To some extent, the two theories are reasonable, however, their defect is more obvious. It is exactly the confrontation of these different theories promoted the labor theory of value of Marx’s own development and perfection.Accompanied wide application of the new revolution of science and technology in social production, the whole world entered into a critical new economic development period. Science and technology is not only changed people’s way of life quickly, but also changed the way of productive labor. It expands the range of production labor, Incorporating service labor, knowledge labor, management labor as new models of productive labor is essential to the development of Marx’s labor theory of value. The enrichment and development of Marx’s labor theory of value under the new situation, should in accordance with the actual situation at home and abroad at the present stage, should meet the requirements of the times, should adapt to the new demand of the practice of socialist market economy, in order to better guide our socialist economic construction and development.