The Transformation Research Of The European Ultra-rightist Parties Since 1990s

Europe has always been known for it’s multicultural which provides a fertile breeding ground for all kinds of political thoughts. Ultra-rightist thoughts was born here. As an vector to ultra-rightist thoughts and the representatives of the ultra-rightist forces, the ultra-rightist parties always present in European political life, but show their different manifestations of degree in different historical periods. German fascism had this kind of extremism to maximize which became the nightmare to the whole European. So that in half a century after World War II, the ultra-rightist forces have been prevention, suppressed and excluded in the mainstream of politics. Until the 1990 s, ultra-rightist parties in some countries began to enter the Cabinet impact on a country’s internal affairs and diplomacy directly, renewed attention of the world. So far, the ultra-rightist parties once access the government in many countries like Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, etc and involved in the management processes of the political life of the country directly which shows their far-reaching effects. Especially in the 2014 European Parliament elections, ultra-rightist caucus of outstanding performance which showed the sudden emergence of ultra-rightist parties in the European politics, the reflux is already an indisputable fact. This thesis argues that far-right parties made such remarkable achievements in European politics, lies in the transformation of the European ultra-rightist parties.Traditional ultra-rightist political parties fear and rejection by the people which are often linked to fascism and nazism, filled with the color of the bloody violence. Such the ultra-rightist parties living space narrowing, becoming weaker mass base, the impact force generated is also small. They can not set off too big waves in the European political arena. But the European ultra-rightist parties present a new face, after the change and transformation on the ideological, the masses base, the politics and the policy, the way of political legal way. Today the ultra-rightist parties has become a political force to be reckoned with in the European political arena. This paper from the perspective of transformation of the ultra-rightist parties, starting from the concept and ideology of ultra-rightist parties, through the analysis of European ultra-rightist activity, to explore the performance, causes and effects of ultra-rightist parties’ transformation, thus make the analysis and study in-depth to the phenomenon.Through a series of analysis, the purpose of this paper is to solve the following problems:1. Definition of ultra-rightist and European ultra-rightist parties and ideological analysis2. Since the 1990 s European ultra-rightist parties transition performance3. The cause of the transformation of European ultra-rightist parties4. The influence of the transformation of European ultra-rightist partiesThis paper contains four parts, the first part mainly aims at the research object of this paper are analyzed and discussed. This chapter is divided into two sections, the first section firstly explains the concept origin of the ultra-rightist, secondly analyses the connotation of the ultra-rightist and ideology; The second section firstly explains the concept origin of the ultra-rightist parties, followed by analysis of the historical development of the European ultra-rightist parties, finally analyze and interpret the ideology of the European ultra-rightist parties, in order to grasp the European ultra-rightist parties noumenon.The second part of the paper analyzes and summarizes the main change and transition performance of the European ultra-rightist parties since the 1990 s. This chapter is divided into four sections, respectively from different angles to interpret the transition performance of the European ultra-rightist parties. The first quarter examines the ultra-rightist parties in de-fascist while populist even more intense in the ideological point of view to; The second quarter from the perspective of mass base on the analysis, the European ultra-rightist parties gradually towards the direction of the low-level and civilians development, strive to absorb lower-middle-class people to become its new political followers; The third section analysis the European ultra-rightist parties tend to more and more middle and moderate policy proposals, pay more attention to the European social welfare policy, immigration policy,,they use more moderate policies instead of the extreme violence claims to attract the public’s support; The fourth quarter analysis the European ultra-rightist parties are likely exposure themselves into a democratic framework. Their action way have a very big change, legitimately participate in the democratic elections and organise outside the mobilization.The third part of the paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the cause of the transformation of the European ultra-rightist parties. Points four section in this chapter, the first section analyses under the background of the European economic and social problems of the sharp deterioration, the suspect to Europe doctrine is spreading, the political choice of people gradually diversification, makes the ultra-rightist parties got a chance to join the European mainstream political; The second section considers from the ultra-rightist parties itself, traditional ultra-rightist parties living space is narrow, so need to seek more political opportunities through transformation; The third section from the perspective of the mainstream political parties in Europe mainstream parties not only have a poor performance in solving the economic and social problems and make their ideological color fade, but also often unable to extricate themselves caught in scandals, which may provide for the successful transformation of far-right political parties; The fourth section from the perspective of the modern media, in addition to much of the mainstream media positive propaganda, they are also active establish publicity fronts, from on the Internet publicity to expand the influence.The fourth part of the paper mainly from the positive and negative aspect analysis the influence of the European ultra-rightist parties transformation. First of all, the transformation of the European ultra-rightist parties promotes the European political camps to re-differentiation and combination. Their transformation pushse social and economic policies of the mainstream political parties changing, at the same time, promotes its own development. Second, from the negative perspective, the transformation of European ultra-rightist parties also means that Europe’s ultra-rightist back again, not only the open policy and the integration process in Europe are affected, but also the whole European social unrest.