A Study On The American Teachers And Teachers Training In The Early Days

Since the Second World War, the rapid development and great achievements of teacher educationin the United States, have become one of the focus attention of educators. As a country with a history ofless than400years, the United States has a very close relationship between its past and present. Ourcountry has been quite acquaintance and research of modern and contemporary teacher education about theUnited States, but research on the source of its teacher education is mentioned but vaguely. This articleattempts to start from collecting the most basic historical materials, by sorting and analyzing the materialstrying to paint a picture that is about the development of the teacher education from the colonies to thefounding of the early American.Through exploring the formation, developing and feature of teachereducation in this period, and the distinct its status and value in the history of the development of teachereducation in the United States, this is a history that can’t be ignored. When we retrospect the source of theteacher education development, we can think deeply its influence and enlightenment to our country.This literary is divided into five parts:The first part is “the Forecast”. It mainly introduces the cause and the value of the research,explain the core concept of “teacher education”“teacher training, define the time of”“the early days ofAmerica”, on the basis of literature review, point out the framework and the specific research methods.The second part is “the American teacher training in the colonial period (1607-1776)”,is one ofthe key point of this article. First, it discussed the appearance of profession teachers in European and theearliest teachers in America. Before the European moved to American, there were education which amonglife to teach children in the Indian, every adult Indian could be a teacher, but it not be truly professionteacher. At the same time, in the other side of the Atlantic, there have been flourishing classical culture andthe education system much formal in European, vocational teachers have appeared as early as in ancientGreek and Roman ear, the theory of teacher training has formed and developed. European immigrants,especially the English settlers, when they across the Atlantic to the “New World”, they not only brought theintellectuals who had the high education, but also spread the advanced theory of teachers to the American.In these intellectuals, there were the earliest teachers in the American. Second, with the arrival of Europeimmigrants, the American’s education also showed different development trajectories. Not only the elementary education development rapidly, the secondary education and higher education also formalized.Third, with the evolution of education, the number of teachers increased, they should reached the standardof the authorities, and accepted different examines. In this period although the teachers were not anindependent profession, they actually had certain salary. Last, there were teacher training in the bud, withthe informal form-indenture system and relatively normal form-the middle schools and colleges, to someextent, they took charge of the responsibility of training the teachers of elementary and second schools.The third chapter is “the American teacher training in the early days of the country (1775-1820s)”,it is the difficult of this article. First, in the Revolutionary period, the education of American, especially thehigher education not only were neglected, but also severely damaged, almost at a date state. On account of,most men were took part in the war, the number of teachers reduced rapidly, the teachers of the survivingelementary school could only rely on the housewife,whose cultural level was not high. There were noso-called teachers training. At the founding of this country, the United States enacted a series of laws,although they did not directly point to the education, they actually laid the foundation of the system of itseducation. Second,in the early days of the new country, their education thought appeared a new turn,it wasinseparable of the Founding Fathers and the education reformers. Third, American education changed a lot,not only new education institution appeared, but the education of female was more and more attention. Thenumber of female teacher increase and their social status was improved. At last, before the Normal Schoolwas founded, there were two ways to train teachers in this period: the “teacher training” in Academy and“Monitorial System”. Although the teachers they trained were mainly the elementary school teachers, thiskind od education practice advocated and served as a meaningful preparation for the formal, independentand professional teacher training institutions.The forth part is “the influence factors of early American teacher training developments and itscharacteristics”. This article from “the religion”,“the enlightenment” and “the push of educationlegislation” three aspects explained the influence factors. In the factors, there were four characteristics:“thelow standard of teachers employed”,“the initial form of teacher training”,“the secular tendency of teachereducation curriculum under the religion influence”,“the low level of teacher training and the sex ratio ofteachers was not harmonious”and so on. The fifth part is “the conclusion”. It summarized the enlightenment of the early American teachertraining. his article from “strengthen the teachers’ moral evaluation”,“strengthen the reform of the teachertraining curriculum”,“improve teachers’ treatment” and “coordinate sex ratio of teachers” four aspects,explains the development of early American teacher training on the impact of current teacher reform.