| Diving as items of competitive sports are popular, with artistic expressive force and the extremely abundance of ornamental. China Diving Team known as the “Dream Team”, since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, it has made brilliant achievements in the international arena. It has been widespread concern to the people. But in recent years, with the rapid development of international diving and a large number of Chinese coaches coaching overseas, making Chinese traditional training methods and means of spreading gradually, and foreign athletes physical advantage make the action expression level gradually increase, it has produced a great threat to the China Team. In recent international competitions, Chinese players repeatedly brushed past with the gold medal in the men’s springboard, the harsh reality indicates that the world men’s springboard diving domain by “outshines others” into “contention of a hundred schools of thought” situation. In the face of challenges, China Team must seek new breakthrough, improve the stability and the coefficient of difficulty movements, and increase the content of science and technology in the process of training. In all the diving events, springboard diving technology complex, action the success rate is low, more difficult to master, training cycle is long, the difficulty is big, the game is easily affected by various environmental factors. Hard and platform diving jump different, springboard diving needs the help of metal plate elastic finish take-off, elastic potential energy and a springboard for deformation will become only the outside power take-off. Therefore want to improve the quality of the completion of the overall movements, athletes in the approach and take-off, adapt to elastic deformation and natural frequency and phase as a springboard, make full use of the elastic potential energy, the maximum help itself to increase the completion of action time and space. Otherwise, even the very best athletes in competition and training practice, there may appear “back plate”, “plate”, “step on the rigid technical error” etc. It tells us, in the current men’s springboard “difficulty, new, odd” action under the development mode, complete quality approach and take-off technique has become the whole action with the success of the premise and guarantee, and how to use their own factors make the springboard to generate elastic potential energy larger and effective use, it is the key and core of take-off technology. From the biomechanical point of view, it is necessary to approach and take-off technique of new action show on the current men’s springboard diving carries on the analysis, summarize and study. This research is based on the kinematics and dynamics theory to material, China Diving Team 5 elite male springboard diving athletes as experimental objects, by Japanese Star high titanium high speed camera, to approach and take-off link athletes to participate in the 1 action group test team game and the 2014 FINA Diving World Cup in the shooting, shooting frequency the 100 frame/sec. The use of SIMI Motion and Dartfish motion analysis system, using Hanavan human body model, carries on the analysis to the athletes in action. Won the 5 athletes in performing the same action approach and take-off stage of body segments kinematics parameters, find out 5 action point of difference lies, and from the point of dynamics is derived by the springboard maximum impact force and the formula of the corresponding numerical calculation, in order to find out the new law of the development of competitive environment the springboard diving approach and take-off technology, promote innovation springboard diving technology in our country, the diving training more standardized, scientific and efficient. The research results show that: Approach stage, athletes pace increases gradually in the first 3 steps, a sudden increase in the horizontal velocity of the fourth step, fifth step suddenly reduced; the current outstanding athletes approach distance than the previous increase greatly, while the inter hop distance decreases; the springboard diving athletes approach acceleration mainly concentrated in fourth step vacated, acceleration double support accelerated way for the sport. This study found that, before the current step technique of our elite male springboard diver is divided into two kinds: He Chong “long-step” type as the representative of the former step technology, this technology before cross grow up step by step, low center of gravity, pressure plate strong strength, focus on the level of athletes’ speed acquisition and transformation of energy; another is step technology of short step type to He Chao, Li Shixin as the representative of the former, this sport strong sense of rhythm, high center of gravity, center of gravity vertical velocity, increasing emphasis on vertical velocity of the body center of gravity before stepping.The stride step buffer stage, lower extremity muscle should be used” to relax, work form shrinking again”; stretch as far as possible to make the lift arm and leg angle provided speed increased, the upper and lower limbs, and a substantial extension body pedal pendulum coordination. The impact force of human body to the springboard take-off buffer stage numerical value, and more than two times its own weight of athletes; take-off buffer stage, Cao Yuan’s body buffer amplitude is smaller, not conducive to the subsequent kicking movements.Take-off stretching stage, He Chao, He Chong and Li Shixin as “a pedal technology”, this technology on the one hand, the whole body “stiffness” enhanced, energy loss is reduced, on the other hand also enhances the synergistic effect of lower extremity muscle groups, increasing the stretching effect. Cao Yuan, Sun Zhiyi is also known as “two pedal”. This technique allows the body to have disjoint phenomenon, “Body Hardness” level reduce, not conducive to energy transfer, and torso back, hip flexion and extension is limited, resulting in stock four initiative insufficient phenomenons occurred on knee joint in the pedal, reduce the stretching effect. |
PDF Full Text Request