The Research Of Rousseau’s Educational Thought

Rousseau (1712-1778) is the epoch-making significance figure in the westernhistory of education. Rousseau put forward the educational thought, reflected theurgent desire of the bourgeoisie overthrew the feudal rule, shows that the FrenchEnlightenment thinkers in the pursuit of freedom and equality, marks the westerneducation change from ignorance to science. Studing on Rousseau’s educationalthought is not only the key to the research of western education, but also a referencefor today’s education development. Under the pressure of entering a higher school,entrance education and examination oriented education are widespeared in theeducation of our country, which has seriously affected the overall development ofindividual student. Advocating Rousseau ’s educational thoughts of "respect for theindividual, comply with nature", is helpful to realize the development of students’individual quality, implement people-oriented philosophy of education.This paper is divided into three parts. First of all, this paper points out that thedecline of the feudal hierarchical system, widely spread the capitalist economyflourishing and thinking of freedom and equality is the times characteristics ofRousseau educational thoughts. Secondly, this paper focuses on the analysis of themain contents of Rousseau’s educational thoughts, including two parts of theory ofnatural education and citizen education theory."Return to nature" is the core of theTheory of natural education, the education process devoted into infancy, childhood,adolescence, cognitive stage four stages, according to the difference of cognitiveability in different stages of education objects, teaching students should inaccordance with their aptitude. Citizenship education theory advocated cultivatingcitizen moral noble sentiments, and then encourage citizens to maintain their owninner moral standards in thought and action. According to the different contents ofeducation, citizen education theory is divided into moral education, legal education and patriotic education of the three parts. Finally, the author according to the maincontent of Rousseau’s educational thought, proposed the feasible method to changeour defects in examination oriented education. The government should continue toadhere to the people-centered philosophy of education, improve the supportingpolicies and measures to realize the education idea; all types of schools at all levelsshould strengthen teaching pertinence; family education, parents should beconscientious, change "to score on quality" education concept, pay attention tocultivate children’s Liberation of nature, independent consciousness, for teenagershealthy growth.All in all, Rousseau’s opposition to the theology and church rule and the pursuitof individual freedom developed for the purpose of education thought, on the"natural","free" advocate for malpractice, we get rid of the exam oriented education,there are still certain practical significance to promote the all-round development ofpeople, although it still has some historical limitations. Therefore, we should treatRousseau with the dialectical, the eyes of development ideas of education, we mustrespect the person’s nature, but also to prevent the blind worship of liberal education.