The Decision-Making Of Trade Liberalization—the U.S. International Trade Policies,1913-1934

With the development of industrial revolution, the Britain edged itself into the first powerful country by the middle of the19th century. After then the Britain waved the flag of the free trade in Europe, and it led to the process of the world trade liberalization. In the end of19th century and the early20th century, the America has been already risen the world’s leading economic power and beyond the other European countries. But the U.S. didn’t do like that. In1913, the Underwood tariff which was dominated by President Wilson attempted to tell the world that the U.S. end the long journey of the trade protectionism, it began a new journey toward the trade liberalization, and it would take new steps in leading the international trade’s liberalization. But the World War I made the United States re-fall into the depth of the trade protectionism. Especially when the Great Depression was spreading across the globe, the U.S. fell into the swamp of protectionism deeper and deeper. Until the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act was introduced in1934, the America try again to trade liberalization with it. The U.S. has been taken the leadership from the Britain which was with half-hearted and responded it by economic policy which was based on the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act. The United States established the world economic system post the World War II.The article tries to build a model of the U.S. trade policy in which systemic, unit and individual parts are viewed as a complex interacting system with the international and national level. This article also attempts to clarify the mechanism of political logic of the U.S. international trade policy and further explores a question which trouble the realism for a long time, that is why the U.S. was full-fledged, held off for a long time to be a free trade leader. The author tries to strength the understanding of the U.S. international trade policy with the article and how to adjust the foreign economic trade strategy in order to meet global economic challenges.